[牛津英语5a英语语法]牛津英语5A英语语法(二)名词复数的规则变化
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牛津英语5a英语语法(二)名词复数的规则变化情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加s 清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音后和元音后读/z/ map-maps
car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾 加es 读/iz/ box-boxes
class-classes
以ce,se,ze 等结尾 加s 读/iz/ license-licenses
以辅音字母+y 结尾 变y 为i 再加es 读/iz/ baby-babies
二.其他复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: the henrys’ monkey---monkeys
2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes.
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
b. 去掉f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves.
三.名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth注意::由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an englishman,two englishmen.但german不是合成词,故复数形式为germans;bowman是姓,其复数是the bowmans.
2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,chinese,japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the english,the british,the french,the chinese,the japanese,the swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the united states,the united nations 应视为单数。d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair;suit; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼.
四.不可数名词对量的表示
1)物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较:cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
these cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:
this factory produces steel. (不可数)
we need various steels. (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。12
two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。
练习题
1.would you give me________, please?
a.two papers b.two piece of paper c.two pieces of paper d.two pieces of papers
2.there are three_____and seven____in the picture.
a.monkeys,sheeps b.monkeys,sheep c.monkies,sheep d.monkies,sheeps
3.a lot of____are talking with two_______.
a.germans,frenchmans b.germen,frenchmans c.german, frenchmen d.germans,frenchmen
4.__________people went out to see what had happened.
a. thousands of b.three thousand of c.thousand of d.three thousands
5.we have been in the school for______.
a.three and a half month b.three and a half months c.three month and a half d.three month and halves
6._____english is_____useful language.
a. a, an b. /, a c. the, an d. a , /
7.all the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
a. women doctors b. women doctor c. woman doctors d. woman doctor
8.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.
a. a little mail b. a piece of mail c. a mail d. a small mail
9. he told me _____ would come to his birthday party.
a. many jack friends b. jack’s many friends c. many jack’s friend d. many friends of jack’s
10.our teacher gave me ______.
a. an advice b. the advice c. some advice d. much advice
答案:1.c 2.b 3.d 4.a 5. b 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.d 10.c12
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