【新概念青少版3a语法总结】3A--6B语法总结

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 3a - 6b grammar

1.人称代词
主格： i we you she he it they
宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.可数词的复数形式
most nouns + s a book –books
nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5. 缩略形式
i’m = i am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour

7. preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间： at six o’clock, at christmas, at breakfast
on monday on 15th july on national day
in the evening in december in winter

8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9. some /any
i have some toys in my bedroom.
do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词
(1) basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 i am(not) from london.
my eyes are(not) small.
my hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑问句： am i a chniese? yes, you are. no, you aren’t.
are they american? yes, they are. no, they aren’t.
is the cat fat? yes, it is. no, it isn’t.

11. there be 结构
肯定句： there is a …
there are …
一般疑问句:is there …? yes, there is./ no, there isn’t.
are there…? yes, there are. /no, there aren’t.
否定句： there isn’t …. there aren’t….

12. 祈使句
sit down please
don’t sit down, please.

13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: i am(not) doing my homework.
you/we/they are(not) reading.
he/she/it is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式
most verbs +ing walk—walking
verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式：
肯定句：
i go to school on foot every day.
she goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句:
do you jump high? yes, i do. / no, i don’t.
does he jump high? yes, he does. / no, he doesn’t.
否定句： we don’t go to school on sundays.
my mother doesn’t like watching tv in the evening.

15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。12
eg:
1. i / he / she / they can sing.
2．you should keep quiet in the library.

16. 一般过去时态
（a） be 动词的过去式:
i/he/she/it was(not)…. you/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
（b） 动词过去式：
肯定句： i watched cartoons.
she visited the zoo.
一般疑问句： did you read book last night? yes, i did. no, i didn’t.
did she clean the desk just now? yes, she did. no, she didn’t.
否定句： they didn’t go the the part yesterday.
he didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)动词过去式的变化：
规则动词的变化：
most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied
short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped
不规则动词的变化：
is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/
eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

17. “wh-” questions.
what are you doing?
what colour is it?
what time is it? what’s the time?
which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
who’s the man with a big nose?
whose bag is it?
when is your birthday?
where is my ball pen?
why do you like summer?
how many books are there in the school bag?
how old is the young man?
how much is the toy bear?
how do you go to school everyday?12

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