unit1life choices|Unit1LifeonMars教案

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unit 1 life on mars
一.  重点单词
1.pill n药片( small round medicines)  in the form of pills
 medicine n 药 take the/some medicine 服药  make medicine 制药
2.guitar n. play the guitar/ violin/piano …
         play football/basketball/volleyball …
         play chinese chess/ play cards
3.sunglass n. wear a pair of sunglasses
 glass n杯子，可数名词 two glasses of water    玻璃。不可数名词  a piece of glass
4.polluted adj. a polluted river  pollute v. don’t pollute the river  pollution n. 不可数名词water /air /noise pollution
5.develop v. grow and improve  how has it developed?
developing adj. 发展中的   china is a developing country
developed adj. 发达的    america is a developed country.
development n there have been several new developments in electronics.
6.population n. what’s the population of china?=how many people are there in china ?
7.discussion n. the programme started with a discussion about the problem.
 discuss vt. shall we discuss the matter latter?
8.dry v.烘干  please dry these clothes.
adj.干燥的 in summer it is very dry.
 dried adj,干的，干缩的  dried food can be stored for many months.
9.imagine v.（1）后接名词或代词 you can’t imagine their words.
          （2）后跟动名词 try to be imagine being on the moon.
          （3）后跟从句 don’t imagine that you are the only person in trouble.
10.taste （1）link.v these dumpings taste good
        （2）n. do you have a taste of this green tea?
11.human/people/person
  human主要指“人类，人”；people意为“人们”，着重指全体，是单数形式，但表达复数概念，等于men and women;  person也可以作“人，人们”着重指个人方面，可以说two persons  human-(pl)-humans
12.certain adj. be certain of sth,/doing sth.
   sure adj. certain 与sure的含义和用法大致相同，但certain侧重于表示有确定依据或事实，语气比sure 强，多作表语，主语可以是物也可以是人；sure多指主观上相信某人或确定某事，主语一般是人.
 it is certain that nobody likes waiting.
 are you sure you borrowed the book from the library?
13.compare vt. compare a with b;   compare a and b
  eg. we carefully compare the first report with the second.
     it is interesting to compare their height and our weight/
14.crowded adj.可以作定语也可以作表语，意为“挤满的，拥挤的”常用结构是 be crowded with sth.12345
          this is the most crowded street in shanghai.
          the bus is crowded with people who go to work.
15. a number of , the number of 的区别
a number of = numbers of + 可数名词的复数+ 动词形式为复数
a number of visitors come to suzhou every day.
the number of + 名词的复数+ 动词的三单  意思是“……的总和数量
the number of the students in our class is 65.
16. at half the speed of light 以光速的一半（行驶）， at ( 以……速度,价格等)
eg：the car is running at 80 kilometres an hour.
    i bought it at a low price.
17. three-eighths 八分之三，在分数词的表述中，记住口诀“分子基数词分母序数词，分子大于1，分母加s”。
如： 1/3    one third           5/6     five sixths
eg:  two thirds of the students in our class are boys.
18. every 和each的共同点和不同点
（1）every 和each后加单数名词，动词用第三人称单数形式。
eg:  each of the boys in class 2 has bought the book.
eg:  every student is listening to the teacher carefully.
（2）each是一定数目中的每一个，强调“个别”“各有不同”，each是代词，可以和of 连用。
every 只数目不确定中许多人或物中间的“每一个”，强调“总和”更强调“大家一致”。every 后不可以跟of

二. 重点短语
1.be cared for by                       2. be able to travel in space
3.wear space helmets to go outside         4.in the form of pills
5.make people feel very ill               6.live on other planets
7.move to mars                        8.at the moment
9.become more and more crowded        10.build a better world
11.too slow to carry large numbers of people 12.travel at half the speed of light
13.need food, water and air to survive      14.three-eighths of the gravity on earths
15.float away into space                 16.prevent/keep/stop sb from doing
17.wear special boots to make themselves heavier 18.compared with life on mars
19have more space                     20.live in a dome with ten bedrooms12345
21.do most of our work                  22.take exams at online schools
23.have their own online teacher          24.in some ways
25.under the control of the computer       26the first to live on..mars
27.make friends with people who live there  28.take high-quality images
29provide energy for the spacesuit          30travel from mars to earth
31send a space robot onto mars            32.imagine doing sth.
33.so far away from earth                34.miss the first part
35.start with a discussion                 36.be different from the situation
37.worry about living there                38.be afraid of seeing aliens
39.keep these animals away with laser light   40.do harm to them
41.be stored at the planet mars bank        42.go somewhere quiet
43buy a car which floats in the air          44.have a rest
45.help me make sandy calm down         46.too nervous to relax
47.sit by the window                     48check your homework
49.work hard to make this dream come true   50.on the surface of

三. 重点句型
1.how do you like life on mars?= what do you think of life on mars?
2.i thought you liked mars. 我原以为你喜欢火星。
3.daniel is thinking about what life will be like in the future.
4.it may be difficult to imagine.
5.our planet, earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.
6.at present, our spacecraft are too slowly to carry large numbers of people to mars—it takes months.
7.by 2100, the journey might take only a very short time in space shuttles (that travel at half the speed of light.)
8.humans need food, water and air to survive.
9.however, it is not sure if these plants could produce water.
10.the gravity on mars is only about three-eighths of the gravity on earth.
★11.there will be many different designs for settlers to choose from.
12.every student will have a computer at home (connecting to an inter-planet computer network.)12345
13.i am wondering if/whether there will be many people willing to move to mars.
14.we could get ill from living there.
15.50% of the students would like to move out of earth.
16.it worries me.
★17. it would be great to have robots do all the work for us.
18.it takes mars about two years to revolve completely around the sun.
19.the surface of mars is more like the surface of earth than any other planet in our solar system.
20.a very popular form of entertainment is online games.
21.things from earth are hard to find.= it is hard to find thing from earth.   
22.she’s too nervous to relax.
23.robots could be the first to live on mars.机器人可能是第一批生活在火星上的（人）。
24.we will be cared for by robots.
25.food will be in the form of pills.

四．语法知识
一．“ must，can/ could，may/ might + 动词原形”常用来表示对现在或将来发生情况的推测。
① must 只用于肯定句中，表示“一定、肯定”。其否定 mustn’t 表“不准、禁止、不可以”等。如：
he never takes a taxi. he must be very poor.
i thought you must like something to read，so i have brought you some books.
我想你一定喜欢看点东西，所以我带来了些书。
注意：含有 must be 的反意疑问句，常用“ is/are + 主语”。含有 must do 的反意疑问句常用“ do/ does + 主语”。
② can/ could 多用于否定句或疑问句中，偶尔用于肯定句中表示一种可能性。如：

attending a ball can be exciting.
michael can’t be a policeman，for he’s much too short.
迈克不可能是警察，因为他太矮了。
③ may/ might 通常用于肯定或否定陈述句中。当表示某事可能发生时，可用could，may，might .如：
— are you coming to jeff’s party？
你来参加杰夫的晚会吗？
— i’m not sure. i may/ might go to the concert instead.
不太确定，我有可能去参加音乐会。
二、 could/ can，may.
might 表示“请求、建议、许诺、能力”等。could/may 用于表示委婉地提出请求或允许，“给予请求”的答复用 can/may . could/might 也可以表示“许可”，语气比 can/may 委婉，表示的可能性较小。如
— could i call you by your first name？
— yes，you may/can.

二．宾语从句
（1）that:陈述句充当宾语从句，由that引导，that不在从句中担当成分，只起连接作用，常可省略
(2)  if/whether：一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if/wtether引导，宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，但在or not之前，不定式之前，介词之后只能用whether

宾语从句中常见的错误
一. 连词错误
例1:he asked ________ there was a bookshop in the street.
a. that        b. what            c. how           d. whether
错解:a;正解:d
剖析:ask 表明了宾语部分含有询问的意思。而that不能引导疑问语气的句子。12345

例2:tell me ______ you will go with us or stay at home.
a. if         b. whether         c. that        d. how
错解:a;正解:b
剖析:引导宾语从句时,if和whether常可以互换,但有些情况是不能互换的?穴当从句中提出了两种选择,或从句位于介词后面,只能用whether?雪。

二. 语序错误
例1:he wanted to know_______.
a. when would the holiday begin     b. that he had come back from beijing
c. which one did i like best         d. how he could get to the station
错解:a/c;正解:d
剖析:宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。

例2:i wonder____.
a. who broke the window     b. who the window broke
c. whose coat is this         d. what is the population of china
错解:b;正解:a
剖析:b貌似陈述句语序,但在这里连接词who是从句的主语,而不是the window。

三. 结构错误
例: i don’t know________.
a. which room i can live    b. which room can i live
c. which room i can live in  d. which room can i live in
错解:a;正解:c
剖析:如果连接词在宾语从句中充当不及物动词后介词的宾语,并被放到从句句首时,不及物动词后的介词不能少。

四. 时态错误
例1:long, long ago, people didn’t know the earth___ round the sun.
a. moving         b. moved         c. moves           d. went
错解:b/d;正解:c
剖析:在学习宾语从句时,我们知道主从句的时态要考虑“一致”的原则。但当从句表示的是科学真理、格言、客观事实或其他不受时间限制、影响而客观存在的事物时,宾语从句的动词时态不受主句时态的限制,仍可用一般现在时。

例2:could you tell me_______?
a. how i can get to the post office       b. how can i get to the post office
c. how could i get to the post office     d. how i could get to the post office
错解:d;正解:a
剖析:主句中的could在这里不是表示过去时态,而是表示语气的委婉。

五．书面表达
   中考作业本 p286

六．homework
1.掌握的知识要点
2.完成<中考作业本>9bunit 1的练习
3.复习9b unit 2词汇,课文,语法及写作

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