全品高考英语第二轮专题答案|高考英语第二轮专题复习直接引语转换为间接引语的关键――时态

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直接引语转换为间接引语的关键――时态

在我们平时的考试中对直接引语的考查主要体现在对时态、语态、交际等各种具体语法项目的考察上，并已形成了在具体的语境和交际中综合考查语法基本知识的模式。一般来讲,说话人讲的内容可以用两种方式来引用，即直接引语和间接引语。前者是直接引用别人的原话;后者是转述别人的话。如：he said，"i am very happy．"为直接引语。而he said that he was very happy．为间接引语。said称为引话动词，它前面的主语he称为第一主语。引语中的主语，如i及he，称为第二主语。引语中的谓语动词称为第二动词。当直接引语转换为间接引语时，可能会涉及到动词、时态、人称、句型等的变化，现在就时态在转换中需要注意的问题向大家做一介绍。    
直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的变化。一般规律是：现在时改为过去时；过去时改为完成时；过去完成时不变。如：
she said, "i had been here for three days before i met jim." →she said she had been there for three days before she met jim.
she said, "we agree with each other." →she said they agreed with each other.
但更要注意在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
1）若直接引语为一般现在时，且表示反复出现或经常性、习惯性的动作时。如：
tom said, “ i have lunch at school every day.” 
→tom said that he has lunch at school every day.
2）直接引语中有具体的表示过去时间的年、月、日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
i said, "i was born on december 2l, 1960." →
i said i was born on december 21, 1960.
3）若直接引语所表述的事在目前和说话时同样有效时。如：
she said, “i like playing football.”
→she said that she likes playing football.
4）若直接引语表述的是客观事实、科学真理和格言时。如：
the old man said, “there are twelve months a year.”
→the old man said that there are twelve months a year.
5）若主句的时态是一般现在时、现在完成式、现在进行时或一般将来时时。如：
he often says, “i will never forget you.” →he often says he will never forget me.
he will say, “i have done my best.”→ he will say that he has done his best.
6）若直接引语是过去完成时。如：
the girl said to her mother, “i had finished my homework before supper.”
→the girl told her mother that she had finished her homework before supper.
7）若在当天转述别人的话，且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。如：
lily said to me, “i was late for class yesterday.”
→lily told me that she was late for class yesterday.
8）若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如：
she said, “i went there when i was six years old.”
→ she said she had gone there when she was six years old.
9）若对刚说过的话马上转述时。如： 12
jim: i have been a teacher.
lucy: what did jim say?
tom: jim said that he has been a teacher.
10）若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，变为间接引语时，时态不再变化。如：
she said, “we should help each other.”
→ she said we should help each other.
【跟踪精练】
1. he said that________ at six every morning.
a. he got up  b. he gets up  c. i get up  d. i got up
2. miss li says that she________ in beijing in october, 1980.
a. is born  b. has been born  c. was born  d. being born
3.she said that practice _____ perfect knowledge .
a. makes  b. made  c. has been made   d. has made
4. she says, "i will remember you."→ she says that ________ .
a. she will remember me  b. i would remember you
c. she remembers me     d. i will remember you
5. mr. zhang said that liu tao ________ good student.
a. was a   b. is a  c. has been  d. had been
6. he said, "they had left when i got here."→ he said that they ________ when he got there.
a. have left   b . had left   c. left   d. was leaving 
7. my teacher said i ______ for school when i was young.
a. used to be later  b. used to being late  c. had used to be late  d. used to be late
8. she said that the plane ________ at 9:20 a.m.
a. will take off  b. takes off  c. would take off  d. took off
9.  he is saying to me that ________ .
 a. he was watching tv when she came in
 b. he had been watched tv when she came in
 c. i was watching tv when she was coming in
 d. i watched tv when she came in
10. he said where there is a will, there is a way.
a. where there is a will, there is a way
  b. where there was a will , there was a way
  c. where there has been a will, there has been a way
  d. where there have a will, there have a will
 
keys: 1-5 bc a a b  6-10 b d b a a 

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