【八年级上册英语一单元重点语法】八年级上册英语1-3单元重点知识点归纳(2019版)
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unit 1 where did you go on vacation?词汇: 1. anyone pron. 任何人 anyone 和anybody相同,与单数谓语动词连用,常用于疑问句和否定句中。 any one 指某些人或事物中的任何一个,常与of 连用。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 someone 某个人,常用于肯定句中,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。另外anyone, someone, anything, something等不定代词,somewhere, anywhere等不定副词被形容词修饰时,形容词要后置。e.g. something important 2. quite a few 不少,相当多含义修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词含义许多quite a fewquite a little许多仅有几个only a fewonly a little 只有一点非常少very fewvery little非常少3. taste v. 尝起来 感官动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste都可作连系动词,后接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。 n. 欣赏力,味道 the taste of…/ good taste 4. excellent adj. 卓越的,杰出的 be excellent in 在…方面极好 5. how did you like it? 你认为它怎么样? = what did you think of it? 6. feed v. 喂养,喂 过去式:fed feed 常与介词on连用,表示“给…喂…” feed… to… “把…喂给… 7. seem v. 似乎,好像 seem 作连系动词时,其后直接加形容词。 seem 与介词like连用,表示似乎,看来,好像。 seem 后加不定式 常与it seems that 从句替换 e.g. he seems to know this girl. = it seems that he knows this girl. 8. decide v. 决定 过去式:decided decide to do sth. 决定做某事 decide not to do sth. 决定不去做某事 n. decision 决定 make a decision to do sth. 9. try v. 设法,尝试 try doing sth. 尝试做 try to do sth. 努力做某事 try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去做 n. have a try 试一试,尝试 10. feel like 感觉像,想要 feel like 后加名词或动名词 11. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹,奇观 the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇观 v. 想知道12. too many 太多(修饰可数名词) 太多如此多many修饰可数名词too manyso manymuch修饰不可数名词too much so much13. enough adj. 充足的,足够的 enough money adv. 充足地 good enough 14. keep v. 保持,继续 keep doing sth. 表示一直做某事 keep + sth. + adj. 表示使某物处于某种状态 keep 用于借书或其他物品一段时间 15. excitement n. 兴奋,刺激,令人兴奋的事 常与介词in搭配使用,充当副词的作用 in excitement 兴奋地语法:一般过去时(表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。) 构成形式:(1)主系表 主语+was/ were +… (2)主谓宾 主语+ 谓语动词(过去式)+宾语 一般过去时的时间状语: (1)介词+表示过去时间的年、月、日,如 in 1983. (2) yesterday 以及由yesterday 构成的短语。 (3) 带有ago的短语如 three years ago. (4) last 构成的短语如last week/ year/ month等 (5)表示过去时间的词或短语,如once, at that time, just now等。 1234
unit 2 how often do you exercise?1. help v. &n. 帮助 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事 2. hardly adv. 几乎不,几乎没有 表示否定含义,常用于实意动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。用于反义疑问句时,附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。 hard adj. 艰难的,坚硬的 adv. 努力地,长时间地,大量地 3. ever adv. 在任何时候,从来,曾经 主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。 ever 曾经,多与完成时连用; once 曾经,多与过去时连用。 4. every day 与everyday 用法 例句every day 副词短语,作状语,译为“每天”,相当于each dayhe reads newspapers every day.everyday形容词,只作定语,译为“日常的”,相当于daily the internet has become part of our everyday life.5. full adj. 忙的,满的,充满的 be full of 充满…… 同义词 反义词full 忙的 busy freefull 满的 \ empty6. swing n. 摆动,秋千 v. (使)摆动;摇摆 过去式 swung 7. maybe adv. 大概;或许;可能 maybe副词,意思是“也许,可能”,在句中作状语,常位于句首maybe she’ll come this afternoon.may bemay 是情态动词,be是动词原形,构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,译为“也许是,可能是”。he may be a soldier. 7. stay up 熬夜 stay up late 8. junk n. 无用的东西,无价值的东西 junk food 垃圾食品 9. coffee n. 咖啡 为不可数名词,可用 a cup of coffee。 10. be good for 对……有益 be good for 对…有益eating vegetables is good for health.be good to 对…好he was good to me when i was ill. be good with 善于应付…的he is very good with children. be good at 擅长i’m good at playing chess.11. health n. 健康 healthy adj. 健康的 unhealthy 不健康的 be/ keep/ stay in good health= be/ keep/ stay healthy 保持健康12. ask v. 询问;请求 ask sb. to do sth. 否定形式为 ask sb. not to do sth. ask sb. about sth. 就某事询问某人 ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 13. percent n. 百分之…… 为可数名词,单复数形式相同 percent of 后接名词作主语时,如果该名词是不可数名词或单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;若为可数名词复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。 14. online adj. 在线的,联网的。 go online 上网 e.g. online shopping is both cheap and convient. 15. surprised adj. 感到吃惊的 主语是人 e.g. i was surprised when i heard the news. surpring adj. 令人吃惊的 主语是事物 e.g. your success is surpring. 16. although conj. 虽然,尽管,即使 although 不能与but连用。 17. it is + adj. (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事是……的。 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。 18. through prep. 以,凭借,穿过 表示从……中通过,着重指从内部空间的一头纵穿到另一头。 across 穿过,表示从一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边。 e.g. we walked across the bridge. 19. mind n. 头脑,心智 the mind and the body 身心 have…… in mind 记得…… keep…… in mind 记住…… “would you mind sth./ doing sth. 你介意(做)某事吗? 20. spend v. 花费 sb. spend + 时间+ on sth. / (in) doing sth. 21. die v. 消失,灭亡,死亡 (dead adj. death n.) 过去式:died 现在分词:dying die of “死于”,多用于内因(hunger, cold, illness, sorrow…) die from 多用于外因 (a wound, an accident…) 22. dentist n. 牙科医生 go to the dentist = go to the dentist’s (clinic)(诊所) 去看牙医 23. almost adv. 几乎,差不多。 同义词是nearly, 常位于行为动词之前,系动词、情态动词和助动词之后。 24. point n. 得分,点 point at/ point to 当表示“指着”时,可呼唤;当含有非善意的意义时,用point at。 point to 还可表示建筑物的朝向。语法:(1)频度副词(usually, often, sometimes, never, hardly ever, twice a week…) 频率由大及小排列:always(总是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes(有时), hardly ever(几乎从不), never(从不) (2) 频度副词放在系动词、助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。1234(3)对频度副词提问时,一般用how often(多久一次)how often 用来询问在某一段时间内进行某个动作的次数;how many times 多少次,它不问动作发生的频率,只询问次数,即答语为once, twice, three times. (4)次数+every+基数词+时间(年/ 月/ 日…)表示“每…(年/ 月/ 日)…次”
unit 3 i’m more outgoing than my sister1. as…as… 和……一样 as和as 中间接形容词或副词的原级 否定:not as…as… 或not so…as… 和…不一样(这也有比较的含义,可以和含有比较级的句子进行转换) e.g. tom is not as short as tim. =tom is shorter than tom. 2. win v. 赢,赢得 现在分词:winning 过去式:won n. winner win过去式won“赢,获胜”,通常跟game, war, match, prize等之类的名词作宾语,即win sth.beat过去式beat“击败,胜过”,后跟表示与之比赛、战斗的人或代表群体的名词,即beat sb.3. talented adj. 有才能的,有才干的 近义词:gifted be talented in 在…方面有天赋,后接名词或doing。 n. talent 天赋 have a talent for 有…才能,天赋 4. truly adv. 真正,确实;由衷地,真诚地 true adj. 真实的 truth n. 真相 5. care about 关心,在意 care for 喜欢,愿意,照顾 take care 小心,当心 take care of 照顾,照料(look after) 6. make v. 做,制作,迫使 make 作使役动词时,译为“使……”,后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,即make sb. do sth. make +宾语+形容词(宾补) e.g. the bad news made me sad. 7. laugh v. 笑,发笑 laugh at 嘲笑 8. the same as… 和…一样/ different from… 与…不同(as和from 后接名词、代词或名词性物主代词) 9. both adj. 置于被修饰的名词前 adv. (1)主语后,实意动词前 (2)be 动词之后 pron. both of… both… and… … 和…两者都 e.g. both new york and london have traffic problems. both she and i are good at english. 10. serious adj. 严肃的,稳重的;认真的 adv. seriously 认真地,严肃地 11. as long as (1) 用于 as…as 句型中,表示“像…一样长” (2) 表示时间,“达…之久”。e.g. yon can keep the book as long as you like. (3) 表示条件,“只要”,引导条件状语从句。 12. bring out 使表现出,取出,说出 e.g. please bring out (拿出) your book. you are never going to bring out that. a crisis(危机) brings out the best in her. 13. though adv. 不过,可是,然而 conj. 虽然,尽管,不过 作连词时,与although含义大致相同,和but 不能出现在一个句子当中。although 只放在句首,though既可放在句首,也可放在句中。 e.g. although/ though he studied hard, he didn’t pass the exam. he didn’t pass the exam, though he studied hard. 14. reach for 伸手去拿 reach +地点 = get to +地点 = arrive in(大地点)/ at(小地点) 15. touch v.&n. 感动,触摸 三单:touches keep in touch (with…) (与…)保持联系 16. break v. (使)破,裂,损坏 过去式:broke break +身体部位 弄破,折断 17. share v. 分享,共享,共用 share… with sb. 与某人分享… 18. be similar to 与…类似的、相像的1234
19. information n. 消息,信息 不可数名词,表示“一则消息” a piece of information 语法:形容词、副词的比较级 构成:规则变化 1. 直接在词尾加 –er。 tall---- taller 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接在其后加 –r。 large---larger 3. 以重读闭音节结尾并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,应先双写这个辅音字母再加-er。 big---bigger hot---hotter4. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er。heavy---heavier 5. 多音节和部分双音节词在其前面加more构成比较级。 不规则变化 good/ well---better many/ much---more bad---worse little---less far---farther(further) 比较级句型: 1. 比较级+than (than 前后所用的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略) e.g. dean is taller than mike (is). he works much harder than i (do). 2. 比较级+and+比较级 或 more and more +原级(多音节和部分双音节词) 越来越... 3. the +比较级,the +比较级 越…越…
4. 当表示“….是两者中更…的”时。常用“the +比较级 +of the two”结构,定冠词the 不可缺少。 5. 同一类人或物在某一范围内进行比较时,常用“形容词比较级+than any other+名词单数” …比任何…都…。 6. 表示对两个人或事物进行对比,并进行选择时,常用“which (what/ who) +be+形容词比较级, a or b?1234
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