[unit1pastandpresent知识点]Unit1Pastandpresent

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unit 1 past and present
一、教学内容：
unit 1 past and present language points
 
二、教学目标：
掌握课文中的重点语言点及用法
1. he used to live in nanjing.
他过去住在南京。
used to do something. 表示“过去常常做某事”
be used to doing something表示“习惯于做某事”
be used to do 表示“被用来做某事”，主语常常是物。
e.g. ①. i used to get up at 6 o’clock. but now i often get up at 7 o’clock.
②. we are used to reading english very early in the morning.
③. a knife is used to cut something.
(1) my grandmother________ a history teacher in a middle school.(过去曾是)
(2) ________ you ________in beijing now?（习惯住在）
(3) mobile phones________ communicate with other people. （被用来）
2. we lived together until 1965 when i got married. 我们一起住直到1965年我结婚。
1) till  ( prep& conj. 介词/连词) 和until类似，常用于口语中，但不可用在句首。
肯定句（谓语动词是延续性的）+ till…    “到……为止”
i will stay here till 6:00 p.m. then i will go.
否定句not（谓语动词是短暂性的） + till… “直到……才……”
he didn’t leave till it rained heavily.
句首只能用until
until he returns, i can do nothing.
他不回来,我什么也不能做。
区分 until / not…until
e.g.
a. 昨天我们等他一直等到九点钟。
we waited for him ________ nine o’clock.
b. 他们直到写完作业才回家。
they did _____go home _______ they finished their homework.
2) 结婚；娶；嫁
a.be/get married  结婚
do you know that she is married? 你知道她结婚了吗？
b. get married to sb. 和某人结婚
my father got married to my mother in 1978. 1978年我的父亲和母亲结婚了。
c. marry sb. 娶/嫁某人
the boy will marry the pretty girl and the girl is willing to marry him.那个男孩子将会娶那个女孩子，那个女孩也愿意嫁给他。
区别：
my parents got/were married 18 years ago. /get married (点)
my parents have been married for 18 years. /be married(表示“结婚”。)
get married to sb. 娶……；嫁给……；和……结婚
she finally got married to the rich man.
get married 短暂性动词—不能接一段时间
be married 延续性动词—可以接一段时间
i ______married in 1997. = we have ______ married for 11years .
marry 可作为及物动词。如：she always wants to marry a rich man.
what kinds of men do you want to marry?
(1) 去年杰克和海伦结婚了。jack ______ helen last year.
(2) 十年前他们结婚了。    they ______  _______ ten years ______.
3. i moved here with my family when i was two years old and have lived here since then.
since: prep. & conj. 从……以来一直到现在
since 1990
since two years ago
since last year
since then
we have been good friends since 1993.
we have known each other since we studied in the primary school.123456
现在完成时 + since + 一般过去时态
4. has the place changed a lot?  那个地方变化大么？
*change为不及物动词，意思是“变化”。如：
things have changed a lot in suzhou.
all of my classmates have changed during these years.
* change into 表示“变成某物”。如：he tried to change iron into gold.
water changes into steam after it boils.
* change 作名词let’s go to a restaurant for a change .great changes have taken place in china.
5. the noise was terrible when the plane took off.
当飞机起飞的时候，噪音是很可怕的。
take off的意思是“起飞”；land的意思是“降落”。
take off 还有另一个意思，脱下（衣服）。如：
you’d better take off your coat because it’s too hot.
6. many of them have moved to other areas and i feel a bit lonely from time to time.
他们中的很多人已经搬到了别的地方，有时我觉得有点孤单。
lonely的意思是“孤独的，寂寞的”。alone的意思是“独自一人”。
leave sb. /sth. alone 听其自然, 不要去管, 让某人独自留在那
let sth. alone 随它去；不干涉（打扰）
e.g.
the old man lived alone but he never felt lonely.
don’t feel lonely. you have our support.
他独自一人在屋里。____________________
from time to time意为“时不时，时而”，=  at times,  sometimes。
他只是偶尔去看看电影。
he only goes to the cinema from time to time.
那个小偷不时地停下来张望。
the thief stopped to look around at times.
a bit意为“有一点点”，
类似于a little，可修饰动词、形容词或名词,
通常的顺序是：v. + a bit    a bit+ adj.
a bit of +u.n(不可数)
如：a bit lonely 有一点孤单
a bit of用来修饰名词。
a bit of music 一点音乐
如：
would you please turn down the tv a bit?
i feel a bit nervous to speak in front.
7. —how well do you know sunshine town…?
—i know the place very well.
问到对某人/物/地有多少程度的了解时，用 “how well… know…?” 来提问。
e.g (1)你对中国的历史有怎样的了解啊？
how well do you know the history of china?
(2) she knew light rail a little.(划线部分提问)
____   ____   _____ she know light rail?
8. however, it has become more difficult to see some of my old friends.
it 在本句中作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语 to see some of my old friends. 此时，不把不定式结构to see some of my old friends放在句首，而是放在句子的后部，以防头重脚轻。
类似的结构：it is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.
it is our duty to help them.
it is easy for me to answer this question.
9. not…any more 表示“不再”。
he isn’t a student any more.
他不再是个学生了。
比较：not…any longer 与 not…any more
not…any more  常用来强调数量和次数；而not…any longer常用来强调时间或动作的延续。如：
the tv set has been repaired four times. it can’t be repaired any more.这台电视机已修了四次了，不能再修了。123456
she isn’t a student any longer.她不再是个学生了。
 
【典型例题】
一、词汇
a. 根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. i am ______(surprise) at the news. what about you?
2. when i passed the driving test, i thought i was the_____(luck) person in the world.
3.the little boy is ______(kind) to his classmates, so nobody likes him.
4. what do you think about the air __________(pollute) in your hometown?
5. danny and daniel are brothers, and their_____(wife) are sisters. that’s interesting.
b. 根据句意及所给汉语提示完成单词。
1. the old woman is crying______(悲伤). what happened to her?
2. i’ve______(刚刚) known it. sorry to hear that.
3. kitty got______(结婚) last year. her husband is a computer programmer.
4. the plane ______(降落) at six this morning. everything was ok.
5. how many ______(街区) are there in your hometown?
c. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1. －what’s on tv?
－chairman hu jintao is having an i________ with president george bush.
2. －my teeth hurt again, mum.
－go to see a d________ this time, ok?
3. －do you know hu ronghua?
－of course. he’s good at playing chinese c_______.
4. taiwan i_______ is the biggest one in china. do you know?
5. －do you think what c_________ the accident?
－the bad weather.
【答案】
a. 1. surprised  2. luckiest  3. unkind  4. pollution  5. wives
b. 1. sadly   2. just  3. married  4. landed  5. blocks
c. 1. interview  2. dentist  3. chess  4. island  5. caused
 
二、单项选择。
1.when did your father__________ your mother?
a. marry   b. marry to   c. marry with   d. get married
2. there_______ great changes in our country during the past twenty years.
a. have been  b. has been   c. has had   d. have had
3. mary is flying to france soon. she will arrive_______ paris_______ the morning of july 9.
a. at, in   b. in, on    c. in, in    d. at, on
4. i must return the book to li lei. i______ it for two weeks.
a. keep   b. borrowed   c. have kept   d. have lent
5. —where is sandy?
—she______ to answer the phone. she will be back in a minute.
a. is going  b. went    c. has been   d. has gone
6. —_______ have you lived here? —since 1995.
a. how far  b. how long   c. how often   d. how soon
7. there used_____ an old building here.123456
a. to have  b. to be    c. having    d. being
8. i’m very_______ to have such a _____ trip.
a. pleased, pleasant      b. pleasant, pleased 
c. pleased, please      d. pleasing, pleasant
9. when dad comes back, he always______ his shoes and leaves them by the front door.
a. tries on   b. takes off   c. takes away   d. puts on
10. tom has never been to america, _________?
a. isn’t he   b. is he    c. hasn’t he   d. has he
【答案】
1~5  aabcd   6~10  bbabd
 
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. he__________(leave) here ten minutes ago.
2. —how many times_______ you _______ (be) to japan?
—never.
3. —where_________ you __________(be)? i didn’t see you just now.
—i ______(go) to the school library.
4. ___ you _____(have) your lunch?
when and where_______ you______(have) it?
5. i__________(make) a lot of friends since i ________(move) here.
6. they were very pleased when the plane landed______________.(safe)
7. my father used to ___________(walk)to school. but he rides a bike now.
【答案】
1. left   2. have been   3. have been, went    4. have had, did have  5. have made, moved
6. safely  7. walk
 
四、句型转换
a. 按要求变换句型
1. i saw the film 2046 just now.(用just作状语)
i _____ just_____ the film 2046.
2. i’ve read this book.(改为一般疑问句)
____ ____ read this book?
3. she’s already done her homework.(改为否定句)
she____ ____ her homework _____.
4. i’ve known him since he came here. (对划线部分提问)
_____ ____ _____you known him?
5. has danny come?(作否定回答)
____, he_____.
b. 同义句转换
1. actually he didn’t know it at all.
_____ _____ he didn’t know it at all.
2. mary married simon in 1999.
mary and simon ____ _____ in 1999.
3. i miss my old friend sometimes.
i miss my old friend _____ _____ _____ _____.
4. i have over one thousand books at home.
i have _____ ____ one thousand books at home.
5. i bought the bike ten years ago.
i ____ ____ the bike _____ ten years ago.
【答案】
a. 1. have, seen 2. have you 3. hasn’t done, yet 4. how long have 5. no, hasn’t
b. 1. in fact 2. got married 3. from time to time 4. more than 5. have had, since
 
五、句子翻译
1. 这部电影有助于帮你了解中国的过去和现在。
this film helps you _______ ______ china’s _____ and ________.
2. 这幢教学大楼已经投入使用5年了。
this teaching building has____ _____ ____ for five years.123456
3. 深圳已经变成了一个现代化城市。
shenzhen has _____ ______ a modern city.
4. 实际上，她是个初中生。
_____ ______, she is a _____ _____ school student.
5. 飞机已经起飞了。
the plane has_____ ______.
【答案】
1. learn about, past, present   2. been in service\use   3. turned into   4. in fact, junior high 5. taken off
 
六、改错。
1. although he is very clever, but he doesn’t work hard.       
a     b           c              d              (   )_________
2. hong kong returned back to china in 1997. we were very pleased.                
a    b         c               d      (   )_________
3. more and more young people unlike living with their parents.
  a                   b   c    d             (   )_________
4. we have learned english over more than one year.         
        a            b     c      d               (   )_________
5. how long have you begun to know each other?
a     b         c         d                    (   )_________
6. he’s borrowed the book since two weeks ago, hasn’t he?     
      a                  b       c            d    (   )________
7. there are much more roads, buildings and people in this area.   123456
    a       b                                 c        d   (   )________
8. do you know when tom married to her?      
               a           b    c   d      (   )________
【答案】
1. c 去掉   2. b  to   3. b  dislike   4. c 去掉
5. c known  6. a  kept     7. b many     8. c 去掉

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