2019年五年级上册英语书|2019五年级英语上册5A1-4单元语法知识点归纳卷（新版牛津译林版）

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unit1
1.there be句型表示“某处有某物”，be动词用is还是用are遵循下面的原则：
①be动词后面 如果跟的是单数名词或不可数名词，就用is;
  there is a pencil case in the school bag.
  there is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate.

 ② be动词后面如果跟的是可数名词的复数，就用are.
  there are some desks in the classroom. 

③be动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品，就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are.(就近原则)
there are some pictures and a telephone.
there is a telephone and some pictures.

2.there be 句型的否定形式：在be动词的后面加not（is not可以缩写为isn"t，are not可以缩写为 aren"t）把some 改成any。
例：there is a pencil in the pencil-box.（改为否定句）
there isn"t a pencil in the pencil-box.
there are some crayons on the desk.（改为否定句）
there aren"t any crayons on the desk.
 
3.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求，想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，也用“some”.
例：1.there are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句)
2.there aren"t any birds in the tree.(否定句)
3.are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句)
4.would you like some tea?(表委婉请求)

4.can在否定句中的用法：表示某人不能做某事时，通常在can后面加否定词not,注意not一般与can连写，也可缩写成can’t.后面加动词原形。
  bobby cannot(can’t) see any cakes in the fridge. 

unit2
1. there be句型的一般疑问句：
将be动词提前到there 之前,首字母大写，句末用问号即可。其肯定答语为“yes,there is/are.”;否定答语为“no,there isn’t/aren’t.”。在疑问句中，要将some改为any。

1）there is a house near the park. (改为一般疑问句，并肯定回答)
is there a house near the park? yes ,  there is.

2）there are some desks and chairs in the classroom.
(改为一般疑问句，并否定回答)
are there any desks and chairs in the classroom？no , there aren"t.

2.特殊疑问句及答语
   (1)提问主语为可数名词的数量时，用“how many”,句型结构为：
‘how many +复数名词+are there+其他？’（无论主语是单数还是复数）
    there is a football under the desk.(对划线部分提问) 
    how many footballs are there under the desk?
“how many+可数名词复数+are there?”本句型为there be句型的特殊疑问   句形式，表示“在某处某物的数量有多少？”。回答时不用yes/no,要给出具体的回答。how many days are there in a month? there are thirty.
 
（2）提问句子的主语（包括主语前的修饰语）时，句型一律用
“what is+地点介词短语？”（无论主语是单数还是复数都用is）
例：there are some bananas on the tree.
what’s on the tree?
3.序数词：表示先后顺序或等级的词。first(第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)，序数词用在句中时，要在其前面加上定冠词the.12
4. on the…floor意为“在几楼”用介词“on”
5．it is time for+名词= it is time to+动词；是该做某事的时候了。
  it is time for lunch.= it is time to have lunch.
6. 宾格 :动词和介词后面用人称代词的宾格。
i – me,   you-you ,  he – him,   she – her，   they- them
follow me/him/her        listen to me/him/her help me/him/her          find him/her

unit3
1.have / has 用法：have 可用于第三人称单数之外的所有人称之后，has 只能用于第三人称单数之后。
have / has 的肯定句结构为：
（1） 主语（除第三人称单数）+ have + 某物。
（2） 主语（第三人称单数）+ has+某物。
have / has 的一般疑问句结构为：
（1） do+ 主语（除第三人称单数）+ have+ 某物 ？
（2） does +主语（第三人称单数）+have +某物？
have / has 的否定句结构为：
（1） 主语（除第三人称单数）+ don’t+ have + 某物。
（2） 主语（第三人称单数）+ doesn’t+ have + 某物。
2.can +动词原形
unit4
1. like + doing sth动词接ing:
(1).一般在动词末尾加ing,如： think → thinking   stand → standing
(2).以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate → skating   make → making  dance → dancing   write → writing  have → having  ride → riding  come → coming
(3).以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个元音字母（闭音节），以及一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： put →putting 　 run-running   swim → swimming   jog → jogging     sit → sitting  

作文范例                      my hobbies
 i have many hobbies . i like watching films . i often watch films on sundays with my friends, i like reading too. i like reading storybooks. i like my hobbies.

my friend’s hobbies
 nancy likes listening to music. she likes singing and dancing. tom likes playing basketball . he is good at playing basketball. su hai and su yang like watching films. they like their hobbies.
 

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