[高一英语第五单元单词]高一英语第五单元Why do you do that ?

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科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit5.doc
标题 Why do you do that ?
章节 第五单元
关键词
内容
一、目地与要求：
掌握本单元出现的单词和词组。如：feed, fact, free, fetch, so that, grow up , in fact, be made from, in the past, in order to , wash away, break the rule, stop sb from doing, be covered with, so as to do…；
二、本单元知识重点与难点分析：
1.I\"ll keep the box in the shade so that the sun doesn\"t burn the little plants 我会把这个盒子放在阴凉地方，这样太阳就不会把幼苗晒枯。
本句中的so that 作“以便，为了，使能够”解，引导目地状语从句。
例如：He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
他起床很早以便赶上头班车。
Please speak louder so that everyone can hear you.
请再大声点说，以便大家都能听到你说的话。
I\"ll put some powder on the soil so that the little plants will grow better.
我会在土上加一些肥粉，以便使幼苗长的更好。
So that也可以引导结果状语从句，主句和从句是原因与结果的关系，作“因此”解，
例如：He often told lies, so that no one believed him.
他常常说谎，因此没有人相信他的话。
He turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the important news.
他把收音机的音量调大了，结果大家都听到这条重要新闻了。
He got up early this morning, so that he caught the first bus.
今天早上他起的很早，因此赶上了头班车。
注意：so that引导目的状语从句时，常用情态动词can, could ,may ,might , will , would和should。而在结果状语从句中，一般不用may, might, should等情态动词，so that前通常有逗号。
2.Then I\"ll water them to stop the soil getting too dry.
然后，我将给这些幼苗浇水，以免土壤变得太干燥。
本句中stop sth/sb(from) doing sth 作“阻止……做某事”解。句中的“from”在口语中常可省略。类似的词组有“prevent sth/sb(from) doing sth/,“keep sb/sth from doing sth”.意思都是阻止某人做某事。但用keep sb from doing sth时不能省略from.例如：
The heavy rain stopped me (form) coming to attend the meeting yesterday.
昨天那场大雨使我没能来参加那个会议。
How can me stop the sun(from) burning the plants?
我们怎样才能使这些植物不被晒枯呢?
They did what they could to stop the soil from being washed away by water.
他们做了最大的努力，防止土壤被大水冲走。
You must prevent her (from) telling the truth.
你一定要阻止她说话出事实真相。
No one can keep the wheel of history going forward.
没有人能阻止历史的车轮前进。
3.Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens?
你是必须像喂小鸡那样养育植物吗?
1)feed (fed, fed) vt.(give food to)喂，饲养。例如：
Have the pigs been fed yet?这些猪已经喂过了吗?
What do you feed your dog on? I feed my dog on meat .(=I feed meat to my dog.)
代用什么食物喂你的狗? 我用肉喂我那条狗。
feed…on sth=feed sth to…意思都是“用…来喂养…”但feed on sth的意思是“以…为食”。例如：Cattle feed chiefly on grass.牛主要以草为食。
2)…like you feed chickens.
本句中的like是连词，作“像，同…一样”解，这种用法是一种非正式的美国英语，在正式文体中，还是用“as”为好。
例如：Nobody loves you as/like I do, child.孩子，谁也没有像我这样疼爱你。
She can抰 cook well as her mother does.她烹妊的技术不像她母亲那样好。
4.Or do they grow up by themselves ?还是靠他们自己来生长?
(all) by oneself=alone=on one\"s own.意思是“独自地，”例如：
He dare not go out at night(all) by himself.晚上，他不敢单独一人出去。
You must finish this experiment (all) by yourself.你必须独自地完成这个试验。
No one can finish this task on his own.没有人能独自一人完成这项任务。
5.It will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.
它(肥粉)能使白菜秧长得又大又壮。
make sb/sth do sth使…做某事。make后跟不带to的不定式，作宾语补足语。例如：
The boss made them work for him without pay.老板迫使他们无偿为他工作。
They made me repeat the story.他们要我重新叙述了一遍那个故事。
上述例句如果改用被动语态来叙述，则不定式的符号to不能省略。例如：
They were made to work for him without pay.他们被迫为他无偿地劳动。
I was made to repeat the story.我被迫又重新叙述了一遍那个故事。
另：have sb do sth=get sb to do sth=let sb do sth都是“让某人做某事”的意思，没有make sb do sth的语气那样强烈。
6.Like me! 这是承上文来的一种省略的表达。意思是It will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong like me!它(肥粉)将使白菜秧长得像这样粗壮。
Like 在句中是介词，作“像…一样”解。后面跟名词或代词，构成介词短语，在句中作状语，例如：
I want to be a teacher like my father when I grow up.
长大后，我想像我父亲一样作一名教师。
Don\"t talk to me like that!不要那样对我讲话。
We got on well with each other like old friends.我们之间相处融洽，就像老朋友一样。
7.What has changed in the past few years？.在过去的几年里发生了什么事?
in the past/last few years意思是“在过去的几年里”，句中时态通常用现在完成时。
例如：Great changes have taken place in China in the last ten years.
在过去的十年里(近十年来)，中国发生了很大的变化。
The students have already read about twenty English novels in the past three years.学生们近三年来已经读了大约有二十本英文小说了。
注意：a few 几个，一些(表肯定)，few没几个(表否定)，但在句中的 the past few years的few之前，不能加a。不能说in the past a few years.这是一个固定搭配用法，在few前有past ,last , every等词时，few前就不能有a.例如：He went to see his father in the hospital every few days.每隔几天，他就到医院去看望他父亲一次。
8.A few of them can be cut each year for firewood. The rest are left to grow even taller.每年可以砍掉一些小树当柴火，其余的就留下来，让它们长得更高大。
1)a few of them相当于some of them，意思是“在…中有一些(人或物)”，表示肯定的意思。而few of them相当于almost none of them意思是“在……中没有几个(人或物)”，表示否定的意思。后面都跟复数的可数名词，例如：
I know a few of these people.这些人当中我认识几位。
I know few of these people.这些人当中没几个我认识的。
I met a few of my old friends there.我在那见到了几位老朋友。
I met few of my old friends there.我在那里没有见到几个老朋友。
the rest意思是“其余的；其它的”当它作主语时，谓语动词应视情况而定；它代替的是不可数名词要用动词单数形式，如代替的是可数名词的复数形式则应用动词的复数形式。例如：
I will take two and the rest are yours.我拿这两个，剩下的都是你的。
Take what you want and throw the rest away.把你所要的拿去，其余的切掉。
Pour me a glass of water and the rest is yours.给我倒一杯水，剩下的是你的。
About one third of the students in our class are from Beijing and the rest are from Shanghai and Tienjing.我们班大约三分之一的学生是北京人，其余的来自于上海和天津。9.People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.村民们为了砍柴要走很多公里的路程。
fetch的意思是“去取来”，“去把…拿来”，(go for and bring back sb/sth)接来(人)，取来(物)，
例如：Will you please fetch me a cup of tea?请你给我拿杯茶来好吗?You\"d better fetch a doctor at once.你最好立刻去请一位医生来。Please fetch the children from school.请到学校去把孩子们接来。
Shall I fetch you your hat from the next room？要我去隔壁房间把你的帽子拿来吗?
注意bring, take, carry和fetch的不同含义。bring是“带来”；take是“拿去”、“带去”；carry是“携带”，既可是“带去”，也可是“带来”，没有方向性；fetch是“去拿来”，包含一去一来的意思。表示既去取又拿回的两上动作。例如：Please bring your dictionary here next time when you come to school.
请你下次来上学时，把字典带来。
Remember to take your school bag with you when you go to school.
记住去上学时，带着你的书包。
She never carries any money on her.她身上从不带钱。
Please fetch me some chalk from my office.请去办公室给我拿几支粉笔来。
10.Trees were cut but none were planted.(过去)只砍树不植树。
none是代词，作“一个也没有，没有一个”解。可以指人也可指物，作主语代替可数名词时；谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。但如果none代替不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。例如：
None of them has(have) come back yet.他们当中还没有一个人回来。
None of this money is yours.这笔钱没有一点是你的。
I want to drink some water, but there is none in the house.
我想要喝一点点水，但家里一点儿也没有。
None of the answers is (are) correct.这些答案中没有一个是正确的。
11.The villagers did not allow them to do this.村民们没有允许他们这样做。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。
We do not allow people to smoke in the bus.我们不允许人们在公共汽车里抽烟。
Those books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.
这些书是不允许从阅览室里拿走的。
Please allow me to introduce myself to you .充允许我向你们大家做一自我介绍。
12.They began to understand how important the forest is.他们开始懂得森林是多么地重要。
begin to do 也可用begin doing,都是开始做某事的意思。例如：
They began to work as soon as they got there.他们一到了那里就开始工作了。
They began working as soon as they got there.(同上句意思一样)
但在以下三种情况下，begin 的后面通常只用to do sth ，而不用doing sth.
1 表示思维、意识活动；
2 表示自然现象；
3 begin用进行时态时。例如：
Only them did I begin to realize that I was wrong.只是在那时我才意识到我错了。(此句表思维意识活动)
We were about to leave when it began to rain.我们正要动身，这时天开始下起雨来。(自然现象)
When I got to the classroom, professor Wang was beginning to teach the lesson.
当我到了教室的时候，王教授就要开始上课了。
13.Today there is a forest programme in 70villages in this area. Meetings are held in order to explain the programme to the villagers.目前这个地区的70个村庄有一项造林计划，他们开会向村民们宣讲这个计划。
1)programmer也可拼作program，意思是“计划，节目，程序”等。例如：
There is an interesting programme on television tonight.今晚有一个很好看的电视节目。
What is the programme for tomorrow?明天计划做什么?
2)explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事。
Please explain to me the meaning of the poem .请给我解释一下这首诗的意思。
The teacher explained the rule to the students.老师向学生解释了这条规则。
14.It is operated by the women of the area .这个计划是由这地区的妇女来完成。
operate可用作及物动词或不及物动词，作“运转、操作、经营、动手术”解，例如：
This machine doesn\"t operate well.这台机器运转不好。
Do you know how to operate the machine?你知道怎样操作这台机器吗?
The doctors decided to operate on the child at once.
医生们决定立刻给这个小孩做手术。(operate on sb为某人做手术)
15.Twice a year, large teams of women plant thousands of trees.
每年有两次，大批大批的妇女栽种成千上万株树。
每年一次once a year(不说one time a year)
每年二次twice a year(不说two times a year)
每年三次three times a year(三次以上用times)
还可以用day, week, month等词替换year, 如once a day一天一次，twice a week一周二次，three times a month每月三次。
17.They also make sure the cows do not knock them down or eat the leaves.
他们(妇女们)还要确保牛群不会撞倒小树，或吃掉树叶。
knock down意思是“撞倒，打倒”，例如：
The taxt knocked the little boy down.出租车把小男孩撞倒了。
He was knocked down by a truck.他被一辆大卡车撞倒了。
He knocked his opponent down.他将他的对手击倒。
18.Anybody who breaks the rule is punished.谁破坏了这个规则，谁就受到惩罚。
1)rule n.(what one must, or must not do in a game, at school, at work,etc.)
作“规则，规定，条例”解 例如：
break a rule破坏规则 carry out a rule.执行规则
work out a rule 制定规则 keep the rule 遵守规则
obey the rule 遵守规则
2)punish v.惩罚、处罚 punishment n.
The teacher punished him for his coming late to school.
因他上学迟到，老师处罚了他。
You were lucky to escape punishment.
你避免了受罚，真幸运。
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