【ahealthylifeppt】AhealthylifePeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(1)

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a healthy life period 3　grammar—the use of “it”(1)
整体设计
教学内容分析　　　
this teaching period mainly deals with the grammar：the use of “it”．the impersonal pronoun “it” is used frequently in english and has many different functions.“it” can be used in the subject or object position，to stand for an infinitive，－ing form or a clause.the impersonal pronoun “it” can be used to talk about time，distance，weather，etc.“it” can also be used for emphasis.
in this period we will focus on only part of its usages，that is，the use of “it” when the subject of a sentence is a clause，an infinitive，or the －ing form.
三维目标设计　　　
knowledge and skills
1．to let the students learn the use of “it”．
2．to enable the students to use “it” correctly and properly.
process and methods
1．to ask the students to read the reading passage again，pick out the sentences with the word “it” in them and write some on the blackboard.
2．to ask the students to discover how “it” is used in various ways.
3．to ask the students to do the exercises in discovering useful structures on page 21 for students to master the use of “it”．
4．to ask the students to summarize the use of “it”．
5．to ask the students to do the exercises in using structures on page 57 and some other additional exercises for consolidation.
emotion，attitude and value
1．to get the students to become interested in grammar learning.
2．to develop the students" ability of comparing and summarizing.
教学重、难点　　　
1．to get the students to master the structure and usages of the pronoun “it”．
2．to enable the students to learn how to use “it”．
教学过程
step 1　revision
1．check the homework exercises.
2．dictate some new words and expressions.
3．translate the following sentences into english：
(1)她对电视入了迷。
(2)虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达了火车站。
(3)我每次去访问他，他都不在。
suggested answers：
(1)she is addicted to television.
(2)we arrived at the station in spite of the storm.
(3)every time i call on him，he is out.
step 2　warming up
  ask the students to reread the passage and find out the sentences with the word “it” in them.for example：
(1)it is a beautiful day here and i am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
(2)it seems amazing that at my age i am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
(3)your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
(4)it might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.
ask the students to think about the use of “it” according to the above four sentences.12345
step 3　grammar learning
ask the students to study the following sentences and try to summarize the structure and usages of“it”．
1．the personal pronoun “it” and the impersonal pronoun “it”．
(1)tom"s mother kept telling him that he should work harder but it didn"t help.
(2)—who is knocking at the door?
—it"s me.
(3)it"s about five kilometers from here to the railway station.
(4)it"s getting colder and colder every day.
2．“it” is used in the subject or object position.
(1)she thought it no use telling him about that.
(2)i remember i made it clear to you that i was not coming.
(3)it"s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language.
(4)it is no use learning without thinking.
(5)it is a pity that you didn"t see such a good film.
step 4　summing up
try to help the students draw the following conclusions.
1．“it” is a very useful word and can be used in many ways.
2．the personal pronoun “it” can substitute something that is mentioned before.in some certain situations，“it” can stand for an unidentified person or a baby.
3．the impersonal pronoun “it” can be used to talk about time，distance，weather，etc.
4．“it” can act as a subject or an object，while the real subject or object can be put backwards in the form of an infinitive，－ing form or a clause.
step 5　grammar practice
ask students to do the following exercises：
1．rewrite the sentences using “it” structures given.
(1)giving up smoking is difficult.(it is...)
(2)most people believe smoking causes cancer.(it is believed...)
(3)the night was dark and stormy when the old man started his journey.(it was a．..)
(4)don"t quit on a stressful day.(it"s no use...)
suggested answers：
(1)it is difficult to give up smoking.
(2)it is believed that smoking causes cancer.
(3)it was a dark and stormy night when the old man started his journey.
(4)it is no use trying to quit on a stressful day.
2．do the remaining exercises in exercise 2 in discovering useful structures on page 21.
3．first ask students to do the exercises individually，and then let them discuss and check their answers with their partners，and finally give them the correct answers and deal with any problems they might meet.
step 6　getting more about the grammar
1．it作形式主语的几种句型
①it＋be＋形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/a rule/a duty)＋for/of＋sb.to do sth.
②it＋be＋形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/a rule/a duty)＋that clause
③it＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/known)＋that clause
④it＋be＋形容词/名词(useless/no use/no good)＋doing12345
⑤it＋takes sb.some time＋to do sth.
⑥it＋seems/appears＋that clause
⑦it＋seems/appears＋as if clause
2．it作形式宾语的特殊用法。某些及物动词或短语不能加宾语从句，此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后接宾语从句。此种用法常用于like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等后。如：
i hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
you may depend on it that they will support you.
i"ll appreciate it if you close the door for me.
i like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
3．it 引起的几个易混的时间句型
1)it"s time for sb.to do sth.和it"s(about/high) time that sb.did sth.(should do sth.)。例如：
it"s time for us to go to bed.
it"s(about/high)time that we went/should go to bed.
注意：it"s (about/high) time that句型中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，即用动词的过去式或“should＋动词原形”(should不能省略)。
(2)it/this/that is＋the first/second time＋that sb.has/have done sth.和it/this/that was the first/second time that sb.had done sth.例如：
this is the fourth time that she has rung you today.
it was the second time that i had visited the great wall last year.
(3)it will be long/hours/days/years before sb.do/does sth.和it was long/hours/days/years before sb.did sth.例如：
it will be two years before we meet again.
it was a long time before i got to sleep again last night.
(4)it is/has been＋years/days/weeks since sb.did sth.和it was years/days/weeks since sb.had done sth.例如：
—what was the party like?
—wonderful.it"s years since i enjoyed myself so much.
it was years since i had began to learn english.
(5)it is/was＋具体时间点＋when clause。例如：
it"s 6 o"clock when i go home from school every day.
it was five o"clock when they finished the job.
注意：在本结构中，when引导的从句是定语从句，具体时间点是先行词。
step 7　summing up
try to help the students draw the following conclusions.
1．there are many sentence patterns in english with “it” in them.“it” has many functions.
2．when “it” acts as a subject or an object，the real subject or object can appear in the form of an infinitive，－ing form or a clause.the impersonal pronoun “it” can be used to talk about time，distance，weather，etc.
step 8　playing a game
1．get students to form groups of 6.
2．let students play the game “what is it？”．spend some time making up clues to identify several objects/illnesses/habits in this unit.then read your clues to your partner and see if he/she can identify them.choose the best ones to read to the class.
examples：
it is a bad habit for both males and females.
it is something you shouldn"t start because you will be addicted to it.12345
it is something which is illegal.
it is a very expensive habit and so it will waste your money.
step 9　closing down by a quiz
show students the following on the screen or give out test papers to them.
1．it took us over an hour______ along the street.
a．walk　                    b．to walk　 
c．walking　                 d．walked
2．i think it a great honor______ to visit your country.
a．to invite                      b．inviting　 
c．having invited                 d．to be invited
3．many people now make______ a rule to buy cards for their friends before christmas.
a．themselves                 b．it　　　 
c．that　　                   d．this
4．______ is very clear to everyone that he is round and tall like a tree.
a．this　　                 b．what　　 
c．that　　                 d．it
5．in the united states，bus travel doesn"t cost much as train travel，______？
a．don"t they                 b．does it　　 
c．do they　                 d．doesn"t it
6．someone is at the door；who is______？
a．this　　                 b．that　　 
c．it　　　                 d．he
7．______ raining hard for three hours without stopping.
a．it is　　                    b．it was　　 
c．it has been　                 d．it had been
8．—has  the  boy  got  his  bicycle  now?12345
—yes，the police gave______.　
a．him to him                 b．it to it　　 
c．it to him　                 d．him to it
9．it  is important ______their  offer.　
a．reject　                   b．rejects　　 
c．to reject　                 d．rejecting
10．has ______been  decided  when  we  are to hold the sports meeting?
a．that　　                 b．this　　 
c．it　　　                 d．what
11．will you see to ______ that the luggage is brought back?
a．which　                 b．it　　　 
c．this　　                 d．that
12．what she said discouraged you，______？
a．did it　                  b．didn"t it　 
c．did she　                 d．didn"t she
13．____________ (已经有三年了)since his father passed away.
14．____________ (不久) the police arrived.
15．____________(已经八点了)when he got home.
16．____________(应该……的时候了) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
17．____________(这是第一次) that these europeans have visited the great wall.
suggested answers：
1～5 bdbdb　6～10 ccccc　11～12 bb
13．it is/has been three years
14．it was not long before
15．it was already eight o"clock
16．it is(high)time that
17．it is the first time
step 10　homework
finish off the workbook exercises.12345

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