【unit】Unit 25 The accident

八年级英语教案 2012-12-31 网络整理 晴天

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教学目标

知识与技能目标

通过本单元教学,使学生在进一步学习中,巩固过去进行时态的各种句式,并能更好地运用这种语言结构去描写过去的活动和经历。要求学生口头表达基本流畅,书面表达意思通顺,语法正确,并能独立完成练习册中的各种形式的练习,能运用自己组织的语言,以口头和书面形式简述98课课文内容。

主要掌握以下内容:

1.句型: 1)You’d better go to bed earlier tonight. 2) You’d better not talk. 3) to see sth. happen 4) Go as quickly as you can. 5) It"s nice of you. 6) Don"t crowd round him.

2.语法:学习过去进行时态(The Past Continuous Tense II)。

3.日常交际用语:[提出建议(Making suggestions)] l)You’d better do sth. 2) You’d better not do sth.

情感态度目标

第98课叙述了一场交通事故发生的经过,反映了师生助人为乐、认真负责的良好道德品质。老师应教育学生向他们学习,做一个乐于助人、不计酬谢、品德高尚的人。

“一方有难,八方支援”体现了我们时代的精神。每一个人都需要来自社会各方面的关爱。无论何时何地,“爱”是一个永恒不变的主题,只有爱才能使我们的生活充满着七彩阳光。

 


教学建议

教学内容分析

本单元围绕“The accident”,继续谈论过去的经历,学习了一些有关的词语,一些近义词之间的区别。学习了表示“劝告和建议”的日常交际用语,通过课文教育学生做到助人为乐、认真负责的良好行为,本单元再次学习了过去进行时态,重点是该时态的否定式和疑问式及简略答语。在学习过去进行时态的同时带出了时间状语从句。通过课文讲解了一般过去时态与过去进行时态之间的用法区别。讲述了tell sb. about sth. 和give sth. to sb. 两个固定搭配。

阅读课文分析

本单元两篇课文“A traffic accident”和“Mr. Jackson saves Mrs. Beet”,都是关于意外事故的文章。通过学习,要对意外事故有所警惕,并学会理智地应付意外事故。如遇到“火灾”,作为学生,应立即拨打“119”,而不是盲目去救火;遇有重病人,拨打120等。也应学会一些简单地应付意外事故的方法,如作人工呼吸(mouth-to-mouth breathing)。

交际用语分析

It’s really nice of you.这是用于感谢的一句交际用语,类似地还有It’s very kind of you.主要用于以下场合:

1.听到别人的赞扬时。例如:

–You’re so beautiful.

–It’s very kind of you to say so.

2.回绝别人的邀请或帮助时也要先表示感谢。例如:

–Wall you like to come to the party?

–That’s very kind of you.But I have an important meeting tonight.

3.别人给予帮助或关心时。例如:

–Here you are.

–It’s very kind of you.

可以用于上述场合表示感谢的还有:Thank you./Thanks./You’re very kind./Mary thanks./ Thank you for…等。

语法教学

本单元的材料几乎全是围绕过去进行时的教学的。重点教学过去进行时态的否定句、疑问句及简略答语,以及带有when 和while引导的时间状语从句的句型,如:My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. While we were talking, the teacher came in.并且学会区别一般过去时态和过去进行时态。主要区别时态构成和时态含义。一般过去时态表示过去通常发生的动作或状态,不强调动作的持续性,而过去进行时态则强调动作在一定时间段内的持续性。教学方法与上单元相同,通过具体的句子让学生去体会,而不是讲空洞的语法条文。

先让学生简要地复习一下现在进行时的否定形式和疑问形式。老师用幻灯或在黑板上写出一些含有现在进行时的句子。例如:

1. Xiao Wang is washing his clothes, now.

2. Some students are drawing pictures on the blackboard.

3. The boys from Class 3 are playing basketball on the playground.

4. A dog is running after a bus.

5. A bird is flying high in the sky.

让学生快速把以上句子改成否定句和一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答,说出其变换的规律。接着启发学生思考过去进行时应如何变换。根据学生回答的情况,老师进行具体指导。在这以后,老师请同桌的两人为一组,一个同学写一句过去进行时的肯定句,另一个紧接着写一句否定句。

例如:

1. I was doing my homework last night. I wasn’t watching TV.

2. Li Ming was listening to English at eight o clock yesterday.

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3. He wasn’t writing a diary.

4. My mother was doing some washing this time yesterday. She wasn’t doing some cooking.

也可以一个先说否定句,另一个说肯定句。例如:

1. My English teacher wasn’t writing a letter last night. He was looking over the student’s exercises.

2. They weren"t having classes this time yesterday. They were planting trees.

3. I wasn’t doing the cleaning yesterday afternoon. I was doing some shopping.

这样操练既加深了学生对过去进行时否定式的理解,同时也锻炼了他们的口语表达能力和快速思维能力。

在讲解过去进行时的一般疑问句时,可采用A、B、C三人一组的方法,先设定一个表示过去特定时间的状语,at 9:00 yesterday morning。A在做坐自行车的动作,B问C:

Was he(she)riding a bike at 9:00 wt morning?

C回答:Yes,he was.

接着B又问C:Was he mending a bike?

C回答:No,he wasn’t.

这样操练既形象,又生动,学生感兴趣。

阅读训练

本单元第98课安排了一篇阅读短文。短文叙述了一次交通事故及一群学生和他们的老师在交通事故中所表现出的那种助人为乐、认真负责的良好品德。文中出现的单词不多,估计学生阅读困难不大,在整个阅读过程中我们可以分三部分进行。

1.阅读前的活动(Pre-reading)

先让学生看课文中的插图,初步了解课文所叙述的主要内容。老师在黑板上写好阅读提纲。(1)At the school gate. (2) Hearing the sound of the motorbike. (3) At the gatekeeper"s room. (4) At the library.

2.阅读中的活动(While-reading)

教师可以提出问题。如:

1) What happened when the children were leaving school?

2) What did the children do when they saw a bag fall off the truck?

3) What happened to the man on a motorbike?

让学生带着问题阅读课文,寻找答案。并鼓励学生提出课文中的疑难问题,老师答疑。这样做教师的讲解有的放矢,学生印象深刻,更重要的是启发学生思考,开发学生的思维能力。

3.阅读后的活动(After-reading)

阅读完了以后,听学生简要回答老师提出的问题,检查他们的阅读效果。接着放录音,让学生跟读、模仿,以改进语音语调。鼓励学生朗读时带有感情,朗读完后老师可以有重点的讲解一些重要词组和短语,如come round the comer,fall off,not…until,be badly hurt等,如果时间允许的话可以做练习册把课上练习1。

能力训练建议

1.本单元的语法重点是过去进行时的否定形式和疑问形式,学生不能死记硬背它的结构,而应与一般现在进行时进行比较,在比较中加以掌握和理解。

2.本单元动词短语较多,可以把动词短语分类记忆,牢记核心点,结合语境记忆、掌握。例如可在对话中运用“You’d better ride a bike instead of a motorbike.”“You’d better pick up the waste paper around you.”“If you see someone have a little accident, don’t crowd round him.”

3.第98课虽然篇幅较长,但故事情节发展的脉络很清晰。老师可先简要地列出内容,然后让学生用英语复述文章的主要情节。

4.第99课第二部分的填词练习,每一个学生都必须认真思考,独立完成,它有利于帮助掌握第98课的课文内容。

过去进行时

一、过去进行时的概念及构成

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时由“was/ were+动词-ing”构成。

二、过去进行时的用法

1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如:

What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我给你打电话时,你正在干什么?

I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.  当老师进来时,我正在画一匹马。

2.表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如:

They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。

I was living in my teacher’s house when I was in middle school. 上中学时,我住老师家里。

3.用过去进行时描写故事发生的背景。如:

It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank. 一个漆黑的夜晚,狂风大作,倾盆大雨,一年年轻的妇女突然出现在河岸上。

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4.用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词,以表示过去将要发生的动作。如:

They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 他们想知道我们什么时候去上海。

She asked me whether he was starting the next day. 她问我他是否第二天就走。

三、过去进行时与一般过去时用法比较

1.这两种时态均可与象last night, yesterday afternoon等表示过去的时间状语连用。但如果强调在过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过的某个已经结束的动作,应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间正在进行时,应用过去进行时。如:

Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. 玛丽昨晚给她朋友写了封信。(信写完了)

Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. 玛丽昨晚一直在给她朋友写信。(强调写的动作一直在进行)

2.句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。

3.句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。

词汇辨析

1. …-year-old / …year(s) old

二者前面都要用基数词,均有“……岁(的)”之意。但…-year –old是复合形容词,其中的名词year只能用单数形式,中间用连字符号,一般仅作定语。如:

Lucy is an eleven -year-old girl. 露茜是一个十二岁的小女孩。

…year(s) old 是一个形容词组,year用单数还是复数取决于其前面的基数词。在口语中,常省略year (s) old, 只用基数词。多用作表语或介词of的宾语。如:

I’m thirteen (years old). 我十三岁了。

That’s a baby of only one (year old). 那是个才一岁的婴儿。

2. fix/ mend/ repair

mend指将用坏了的简单的日常用具“修理”完好,较少用于较大物品。如:

He is mending his pen. 他正在修理钢笔。

repair一般用于对大件或构造复杂的物件进行“修理”。如:

Jack knows how to repair the computer. 杰克知道怎么修这部电脑。

fix除了作“修理”外,常作“装配、固定”解,但fix不能用于衣服、鞋子等的修理。

3. while/when

这两个词都作连词使用,在含义上均可表示:“当……时候”。例如:

When I was a boy, I used to go to the Western Hills on Sundays.我小时候,经常在星期天到西山去玩。

It is cold when it snows. 下雪天很冷。

Please write while I read. 我念的时候请记下来。

I kept silent while he was writing.他写字的时候我就默不作声。

但是when与while在有些用法上是不同的。

1)When 可以引导定语从句,while不能。

He never forget the days when we stayed in the country.

他永远不会忘记我们在乡下的那段日子。

I like the afternoon when we went swimming.我喜欢我们去游泳的那个下午。

2)When可以引导宾语从句,而while不能。

He didn’t tell me when he went out.他并没有告诉我他什么时间出去的。

3)表示特别强调时间,when引导的状语从句前一般有just, even, exactly等词,这种用法while不能。例如:

Just when he went out I came in.他正要出去的时候,我进来了。

4) when 和while 在时间状语从句中的区别

a. 用when 引起的状语从句表示的时间,说明一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行。

When I got home, my mother was doing sane cooking. 当我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。

b. when还可以表示正在进行某个动作时,发生了另一个动作,这时主句用一般过去时。

My Pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 我在公园里散步时,我的笔掉在了地上。

c. 用 while 连接的状语从句一般用进行时,表示正在进行某个动作时,发生了另一个动作,这时主句用一般过去时。

While I was watching the basketball game, suddenly the ball flew over and hit me.  当我正在看篮球赛时,突然球飞了过来打中了我。(when和while状语从句都可以表示正在进行某个动作,但while更强调动作持续一段时间。)

d. 用 while连接的状语从句还可表示某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中。

While I was doing my homework, mother was doing .some washing.当我在做作业 时,妈妈在洗衣服。

疑难解析

1. Were the Blacks watching TV last night?

“the+姓氏的复数”表示“某一家人”或“某夫妇俩”,是复数概念,作主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。the Blacks相当于 the Black family。如:

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The Turners were having supper when I got there. 我到那儿时特纳一家正在吃晚饭。

It’s eight o’clock now, The Green family are having breakfast.

2. The man lay on the road.

这句话里,lay不能用lied替换。lie表示“躺”、“卧”、“平放”时,过去式是lay,lie表示“说谎”时,过去式是lied。如:

The boy lay down to sleep. 那个男孩躺下睡觉。

He lied in the classroom yesterday.  昨天他在教室说谎了。

3. A woman saw it happen when she walked past.一位妇女走过的时候,看到了事情的发生。

英语中一些感官动词如 see,hear,watch,feel等,常跟不带 to的动词不定式(即动词原形)作宾补,意思是“看见(听见、感觉)某人/某事发生的全过程”。除此之外,其后也可以跟V-ing表示一个动作正在进行。如:

I often hear her sing this song.我经常听到她唱这首歌。

I felt the earth move just now.我刚才感觉到大地动了一下。

We saw him playing football on the playground. 我们看见他在操场上踢足球。(看和踢的动作同时进行)

past在这里作副词,意思是“从旁边”,可用by代替。past作名词时,意思是“昔日,过去”,作形容词时意思是“过去的”。如:

He walked past me, without a word.他从我身边走过,没有说一句话。

The past is past. Nothing can bring it back.过去的一切永远过去了,无法使它再回来。

4. Let’s move that bag, or there may be an accident.我们把那个袋子搬开吧,否则,会出交通事故。

这是一种“祈使句+or+简单句”的并列句,连词or相当于if not,意为“否则,不然的话”。前面的部分带有条件意味,此句可改写为:If we don’t move that bag, there may be an accident.如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快点,否则你就会迟到。

6. It is nice of you.

是“It is + adj. . + 介词”结构。在这个结构中,介词of用得最多。例如:

It is very good of you to do so. 你这样做太好了。

It is so polite of him. 他太礼貌了。

[情景]此句式用来赞扬对方或向对方表示感激,意为“你真好!”如:

–Here are some flowers for you.

–It’s nice of you. Thank you very much.

Thanks for your help. It’s really nice of you.

[解析] 该句式还可扩展为It’s (That’s ) + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.。这类形容词有nice, good, kind, clever, right等。如:

It’s very kind of you to come and see me.您来看我,真太感谢了。

That’s very kind of you to say so.谢谢您这么说。

注意:表示性质、品格、品德之类的形容词,后面的介词用of.其他的形容词(表示大小、方位、形状等普通形容词)多用for或者to. 例如:

The sun is far for us to see. 太阳看上去离我们太远了。

It is very easy for me to do so. 这样做对我来说太容易了。

8. With the medicine box under her arm. Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. 赵老师腋下夹着药箱匆忙赶去照顾那个男的。

With the medicine box under her arm是介词短语作伴随状语。With在此意为“夹着”,它和其后的名词或代词构成介词短语,表示附带情况。如:

A woman looked worried, with a child in her arms.一个女人抱着个孩子,显得很着急。

He likes sleeping with the window open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。

With the light on, we began to work again.灯亮了以后,我们又开始干了起来。

With these words, the tiger jumped into the river.说着这些话,老虎跳进了河里。

另外,“with +名词”这一结构在句中可作后置定语。如:

China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

 

Lesson 97 多媒体教学设计方案

Teaching Objectives:

Grasp the general question of past continuous tense and some words and phrases.

1. 句型:

1)You’d better go to bed earlier tonight.

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2) A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.

3)My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park

4)You look tired today.

2. Words and expressions

play the piano/violin/guitar/flute, watch video tape, review, look tired/young/worried, mend, forget sth./forget to do sth. had better(not) do sth., novel, accident, wallet, walk past, give sth. (back) to sb.

3.过去进行时态的陈述句和疑问句

We were not traveling too fast.

Was she traveling too fast?

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Revision

(学生活动)让学生就What were you doing at … yesterday?互相提问复习过去进行时。

(录像演示)演示过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,让学生进行模仿练习

Step 2Ask and answer

Ask the students Was he watching TV at eight o’clock at night? . Help students to answer “Yes, he was.” or “No, he wasn’t.”

(录像演示)情景演示过去进行时的疑问形式,然后由学生小结出过去进行时态陈述句式和疑问句式的构成:was/were +主语+ving+其它

教学新词汇Russian, motorbike, review(利用图片和用英文解释)

Step 3 Practice

(录像演示)演示Dialogue 1的情景,回答:Why is the speaker tired? (the speaker went to bed too late)

讲解新词汇novel和短语had better(not)do sth.的用法。

You’d better go to bed earlier tonight, if you can.

had better加动词原形表示:最好做某事,用来向别人提出建议。可缩写为:’d better。如:

You’d better watch carefully before you cross the road.过马路之前你最好要看仔细。

We’d better hurry up,or we’ll be late.我们最好快一点,要不然就晚了。

如果建议别人最好不做某事,使用“had better not加动词原形”这一句型。如:

You’d better not read in bed.It’s bad for your eyes.你最好不要躺着看书,对你眼睛不好。

You’d better not play basketball after lunch.It’s bad for your health.你最好不要在午饭后就玩篮球,它对健康有害。

(录像演示)演示Dialogue 21的情景,回答:What happened to A? (His wallet dropped on the ground.)

教学新词汇wallet and ground(利用图片)

解释句型A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.中的see sth. happen用法。

Step 4 Exercises

Fill in the blanks with correct tenses.

1. As my father________(leave) the house, the postman ________(arrive).

2.Tom______(work)in the garden, while I_________(sit)in the sun.

3. As I ________ (walk ) down the street, I ______ ( meet ) Charlie.

4. While he________(read) the letter, he_________ (hear) a knock at the door.

5. She ________(drop) the tray when I spoke to her.

Keys: 1. was leaving, arrived 2. was working, was sitting 3. was walking, met 4. was reading, heard 5. dropped

Turn the following sentences into general questions, then give short answers.

1.All the boys were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.

2. Mary was talking to her friend on the phone when her mother got home.

3. I was leaving the house when the telephone rang.

4. The girl was making the bed at seven o"clock yesterday morning.

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5. The dog was running after the cat.

Keys: 1.Were all the boys playing football on the playground when it began to rain?

Yes, they were. /No, they weren’t.

2. Was Mary talking to her friend on the phone when her mother got home?

Yes, she was. /No, she wasn’t.

3. Were you leaving the house when the telephone rang?

   Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.

4. Was the girl making the bed at seven o’clock yesterday morning?

   Yes, she was. /No, she wasn’t.

5. Was the dog running after the cat?

   Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t.

Step 5 Homework

  1. Revise the dialogues in SB Page 51, Part 2.

  2. Preview the next lesson.

  3. Do exercises on page 121.

  4. Finish off the workbook exercise.

 

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