[人教版新目标九年级英语全一册知识点]新目标九年级英语全册知识大盘点2
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unit 8
短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动
词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放
在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如:cheer me up 使我高兴
clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫
2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩
home n. 家
3. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语
ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ,不能作定语
5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献
volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出
catch up with 赶上 追上
7. put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴
8. write down 写下 记下
9. call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话
10. set up 成立 建立
the new hospital was set up in XX. 这座医院是在XX年成立的。
11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用
every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用,利用
they put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with english
help do 帮助做某事 help study
14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句
i plan to go to beijing. === i plan (that) i will go to beijing. 我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做… i spent a day visiting beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… i spent 3 years on english.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴not only do i feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要12345678910111213141516171819
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①not only can i do it but (also) i can do best.
我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①not only lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②not only you but (also) lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
neither you nor i like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
either lily or you are a student.
not only …but (also)…
there be
17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如:join the party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如:
take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
18. ①run out of == use up 用完 用尽
i have run out of money.== i have used up money. 我已经用完了钱。
②run away 逃跑 the monkey has run away from the zoo.
这只猴子已经从动物园里逃跑了。
③run to + 地方 跑到某地
19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像
take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾
20. work out 算出 结局
the situation worked out quite well. 情况的结局非常好
have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗?
21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
i like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
22. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会
23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如: thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我
24. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
you don’t have money. that’s for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。
25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
she filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
26. like prep. 像…
27. help sb. out 帮助…做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
i can’t work out this math problem. please help me out.
我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。
28. train n. 火车
train v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
she trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如: do it at once. 马上去做。12345678910111213141516171819
i’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如: one day i went to beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
some day i’ll go to beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的
32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送
33. part of speech 词性 词类
34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能
unit9
1. 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2). 被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为:am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态为:was/were+ 过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态:情态动词+ be + 过去分词
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句
末,by 表示“由,被”的意思
如何理解被动语态?
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如: many people speak english.
被动语态 english is spoken by many people.
2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本p69 中的grammar focus
3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词
4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如:
pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。
5. 给某人某样东西
give sth. to sb. 如:i gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth. i gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
6. all day 整天
7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
8. by mistake 错误地 如:
i took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 it made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +名词 让…做… it made me laugh. 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然 i met her by accident at bus stop.
我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如:
i didn’t go to bed until i finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12345678910111213141516171819
12. according to +名词 根据… 如: according to an legend
according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话
13. over an open fire 野饮
14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
15. nearby adj. 附近的 如: the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如:the leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如:she fell down from her bike.
她从她自行车摔倒了。
17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的后面
如: quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的前面
如: a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注:当不与冠词a 连用时,两者可以互用 如:
i am very happy.=== i am quite happy. 我非常高兴。
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如: more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用
如: six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生 he was born in canada. 他在加拿大出生
27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into … 将…划分成..
通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如:
let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如:
since then, i have left beijing. 自从那以后,我已经离开了北京。
unit10
1. 过去完成时
(1) 构成:由助动词had + 过去分词 构成
否定式:had not + 过去分词 缩写形式:hadn’t
(2) 用法 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
(3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示 12345678910111213141516171819
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。
when i got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时,你已经开始吃了。
by the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时,汽车已经离开了
2. by the time 直到…时候
指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间 如:
by the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.
在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。
3. 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 leave + 地点
而不是forget+地点 如:unluckily, i left my book at home
. 不幸的是,我把书忘在家里了。
4. close v. 关 adv. 接近地 靠近地 closed adj. 关的
5. come out 出来
6. on time 按时 准时 既不早也不迟 in time 及时 指在时限到来之前
7. luckily adv. 幸运地 lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 好运
8. give sb. a ride 让某搭便车 如:
he often gives me a ride to school. 他经常让我搭便车去学校。
9.only just 刚刚好、恰好
10. go off (闹钟)闹响 the alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了。
11. break down 坏掉
12. fool n. 傻子 呆子 v. 愚弄 欺骗 如: he is a fool. 他是一个呆子。
we can’t fool our teach. 我们不能欺骗我们的教师。(动词)
13. show up 出现 出席 she didn’t show up last night. 昨晚她没有出现
14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某做事 如:
my friend invited me to watch tv. 我的朋友邀请我看电视。
15. set off 激起 出发 set up 建立
16. ①so … that 如此…以致于
引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词.
②so that作“为了”时,引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词,
作结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用情态动词 。
如:she got up early so that she could catch the bus.
为了能赶上车,她起得很早。(目的状语从句)
she was so sad that she couldn’t say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)
17. flee from 从…逃跑 避开 如:they fled from their home. 他们从他们的家里逃了出来。
18. thrill v . 使人非常激动,使人非常紧张
thrilled adj. 指某人感到激动或感到紧张
thrilling adj. 指某事物使人心情激动
19. get married 结婚
20. convince v. 使信服 convincing adj. 令人信服的
21. land v. 着落
22. be late for 迟到
23. a piece of 一片/块/张 如: a piece of paper/ bread 一张纸/ 一块面包
unit11
1.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
常由下面的一些连接词引导:12345678910111213141516171819
②由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
he says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
③由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
i don’t know if / whether wei hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗?
⑤从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态
he says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
i don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
she wants to know if i have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过
去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
he said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
i didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
she wanted to know if i had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
2. get v. 得到、买、到达
3. make a telephone call 打电话
4. save money 省钱、存钱
5. ①问路常用的句子:
do you know where …is ?
can you tell me how can i get to …?
could you tell me how to get to …?
②can/could/will/would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情
③could you tell me how to get to the park?
请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?中的how to get to the park
是疑问词与动词不定式连用,用作宾语,但不是宾语从句,可是
相当于how i can get to the park(宾语从句)如:
i don’t know how to solve the problem. ==
i don’t know how i can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题
can you tell me when to leave? ==
can you tell me when i ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开?
6. 日常交际用语:
take the elevator / escalator to the … floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼
turn left / right === take a left / right 向左/ 右转
go past 经过 go straight 向前直走
7. next to 旁边、紧接着 如:lily is next to ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。
8. between … and… 在…和…之间
如: lily is between ann and tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。
9. decide to do 决定做… she decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。
decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定12345678910111213141516171819
10. is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方?
中的to hang out修饰前面名词place,不定式作定语.
如:there are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词something,作定语.
11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”如: she is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。
12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的
13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的
14. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假
15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成..
如:he wanted to dress up as father christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。
16. on the beach 在海滩上 的介词用 on
17. politely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的
18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于
living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。
we can’t depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。
that depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。
19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有:
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 i prefer english. 我更喜欢英语。
prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 i prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。
prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… i prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
i prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
i prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。
20. on the other hand 另一方面
21. 把…借给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth.to sb. 如:
lily lent me her book. == lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了我。
22. such as
23. i’m sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。
24. in a way 在某种程度说
25. in order to do 为了做… 表目的 如:
he got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他起早床,是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
26. 等级/同级比较:as…as , not as/so…as
①as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
表示“和…一样的…”“…和…一样的…”
如: he works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。
②否定式:not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
== not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
he doesn’t work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。
27. hand in 上交
unit12
1. be supposed to do . 应该 如: we are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。
知识拓展 表示应该的词有:should, ought to ,be supposed to 12345678910111213141516171819
2. shake hands 握手 shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. you should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是
“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事,事实上没有做
如:she should have gone to beijing. 她本应该去了北京。(没有去)
4. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格 如:
they are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
5. pretty adv. 相当,很=very she is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的 she is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事 如:
she has made plans to go to beijing.==she has planed to go to beijing.
7. drop by 访问 看望 拜访 串门
we just dropped by our friends’ homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8. on time 按时
9. after all 毕竟 终究 如: you see i was right after all.你看,毕竟还是我对了。
10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 如:
lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11. without 没有
12. around the world == all over the world 全世界
13. pick up 捡起 挑选 如:he picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。
14. start doing == start to do 开始做某事 如
he started reading.== he started to read. 他开始读。
15. point at 指向
16. stick v. 剌 截 n. 棒,棍
chopstick 筷子 是由chop(砍)+stick(棒)合成,通常用复数形式:chopsticks
17. go out of one’s way to do 特意,专门做某事 如:
he went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。
18. make mistakes 犯错误(复数)make a mistake 犯错误(一个)
19. be different from 与…不同 如:
chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.
20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…
get/be used to doing 习惯于…
be used to do 被用于做…
be used for doing 被用于做…
used to do 过去常常做… 如:
i wash clothes everyday. but i’m used to it.
我每天都洗衣服,但我习惯了
i am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。
the knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。
the knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。
she used to watch tv after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。
21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。
i find it difficult to remember everything.
形式宾语 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有: find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如:
i think it hard to study english.12345678910111213141516171819
22. cut up 切开 切碎 如:let’s cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23. make a toast 敬酒
24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是:crowded
25. set n. 一套 v. 设置
26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事 i can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑
27. make faces 做鬼脸
28. face to face 面对面
29. learn…by oneself 自学 如: i learn english by my self. 我自学英语。
新目标九年级英语期末复习手册
unit1-15重点知识梳理
unit 1
一:知识点
1.check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 check out: 在旅馆结账离开。
2.by: ①通过…..方式(途径)。例:i learn english by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例:by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car
④在……之前,到……为止。例:by october在10月前
⑤被 例:english is spoken by many people.
3.how与what的区别:
how通常对方式或程度提问,意思有:怎么样 如何,通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思为 什么,通常做宾语,主语。
how is your summer holiday? it’s ok.(how表示程度 做表语)
how did you travel around the world? i travel by air.
what do you learn at school? i learn english, math and many other subjects.
4.aloud, loud ,loudly 均可做副词。
aloud 出声地 大声地 多与read 、speak连用
例如:read aloud 朗读 speak aloud说出声来
loud 大声地 响亮地 loudly 高声地 多指喧闹声和不悦耳的声音。
5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鸟鸣。 sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。 noise 指噪音、吵闹声
6. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等)
例:i find him friendly. i found him working in the garden.
we found him in bed. he found the window closed.
7. 常见的系动词有: ①是:am 、is、 are ②保持:keep、 stay
③ 转变:become、 get、 turn ④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生
例:get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 get mr. green to come. 让格林先生进来
i want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车
you can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着
9. 动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
the next train to arrive was from new york. he is always the first to come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
i have nothing to say. i need a pen to write with.12345678910111213141516171819
i need some paper to write on. i don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说 又说
12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座
join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为:all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14.be afraid of害怕 be afraid to害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心,表示委婉语气
15.either ①放在否定句末表示“也” ②两者中的“任一”
③either…or… 或者…或者.…引导主语部分,谓语动词按照就近原则处理
16.complete完成,是个较正式的词,后不能接动名词 finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”,“再一”。
例:please give me a second apple. there comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦,困难
19.unless 除非,如果不,等于“if not”本身就表示否定,引导条件状语从句,主句为将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例:my baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry.
=my baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话,你会出事的。
20.instead:adv 代替,更换。
例:we have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了,改喝茶好吗?
stuart was ill, so i went instead. 斯图尔病了,所以换了我去。
instead of 作为某人或某事物的替换
例:let’s play cards instead of watching tv.
give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口头的,口语的。 speaking 讲话的,说某种语言的。
二,短语:
1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗读 4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如 7.have fun 玩得高兴
8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话
9.get excited 高兴,激动 12345678910111213141516171819
10.end up speaking in chinese 以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about… 做有关…的调查 12.keep an english notebook 记英语笔记13.spoken english (= oral english) 英语口语 14.make mistakes 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
16.practise speaking english 练习说英语 17.first of all 首先 18.begin with 以…开始 19.later on 随后
20.in class在课堂上 21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 记笔记 23.enjoy doing 喜欢干…
24.write down 写下,记下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找,查询 26.native speakers 说本族话的人
27.make up 编造,虚构,化妆,打扮 28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 对待,处理,解决 30.worry about (be worried about) 担心,担忧
31.be angry with 生某人的气 32.stay angry 生气
33.go by 消逝 34. regard…as… 把…当做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨 36. change…into… 把…变成… (= turn into)
37.with the help of 在…的帮助下 38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较
39.think of (think about) 想起,想到 40.physical problems身体上的问题
41.break off 中断,突然终止 42. not…at all 根本不,全然不
三,句子
1. how do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备?
2. i have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法,我已经学到了很多东西。12345678910111213141516171819
3.it’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4.memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. wei ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。
6.he finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.she added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.i don’t have a partner to practice english with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.later on, i realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后,我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.it’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.my teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.she had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
13.what do you think you are doing? 你在做什么?
14.most people speak english as a second language. 英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.how do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题?
16.it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
he can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路,甚至无法说话
unit 2
一. 知识点
1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to 疑问形式为: did…use to…? 或 used…to…?
be/get used to 习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.
yes, i do. 不, 我记得. no, i don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.
例: this is a new story, isn’t it? those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: there was a man named paul, wasn’t there?
③ i am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t i
例: i am in class 2, aren’t i?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定. 例: few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 v-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: to spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.12345678910111213141516171819
例: nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称i时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: i don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: i really miss the old days. ② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: it’s a pity that you miss the bus.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 对的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.
10. it seems that yu mei has changed a lot. = yu mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.
例: can you afford a new car?
the film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致
例: living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段时间 during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
二. 短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about. 担心.
6. all the time 一直, 总是7. chat with 与…闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不仅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦
12. make a decision 做出决定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made up of 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最后, 终于
19. play the piano 弹钢琴
三.句子
1.i used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.i go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.i used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.i hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.my life has changed a lot in the last few years.12345678910111213141516171819
6.it will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.
7.it seems that yu mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.
unit 3
一.知识点
1.被动语态的谓语动词形式: be的各种时态形式+v-ed
含情态动词的: can/may/must/should be + v-ed
2.get/have + n./pron. + v-ed 叫/让/请别人做某事(即使谋事被做)
例: i want to get my coat mended. 我要缝衣服.
3.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… allow doing sth 允许做…
4.drive : ① 驾车,驾驶. ② 驱赶,驱使.
例: what drives them to rob the shop? 什么驱使他们去抢商店?
5.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例: he is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.
you are foolish to throw away such a good chance. 你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
6.he doesn’t seem to have many friends.=it seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=he seems not to have many friends.
7.倒装句: so + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定局) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
例: he likes oranges. so do we. he doesn’t like oranges. neither do we.
tom can swim. so can john. tom can’t swim. neither can john.
so +主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 表示对前面事实的进一步确认.
例: henry is very tired. so he is.(的确是)
he surfed internet for two hours. so he did.(的确是)
they will win the game. so they will.(他们会的)
8.until 用于肯定句中,前面句子中的谓动必须是延续性的.
9.clean (v.) 打扫,清理 clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底.
10.fail a test = fail in a test 考试不及格
11.be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: the head teacher is strict with his students he is strict in the work.
12.the other day 前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
13.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: this company concentrates on china market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
14. more…than…①与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: the man is more stupid than nervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:i have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
15.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…12345678910111213141516171819
例: we all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙. 16.chance 指侥幸的,偶尔的机会,还可表示“可能性”
opportunity 指有利的时机,良机. 二者有时可以互换.
have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会.
don’t be too frustrated. you’ll have another opportunity to go to college next year. 别太沮丧了,你还有上大学的机会.
17. experience : ①可数名词 “经历,体验” 例: please tell us something about your experiences.②不可数名词 “经验” 例: he is a man of rich experience.
③动词“经历” 例: she experienced lots of suffering.
18. off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: i think i’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
she is off today. 她今天休息.
i have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
19. reply 与 answer 两者有时可通用. reply比answer正式,一般指经过思考的.有针对性的,详细的回答,往往与to连用.answer是一般用语,可直接带宾语.
另外answer还有“应答”之意.如answer the door/telephone
20. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: he never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
the bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
21. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
22. do does did 用在另一个动词前表示强调.
例: he does speak well. 他真的讲的很好. do be quiet. 务必安静.
23. in the end = finally = at last 最后.
24. importance (n.) important (adj.)
25. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣.
例: i’m serious about the problem.
to tell you the truth, i’m not serious about math at all.
26. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
only in this way can we learn english well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
27. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: no one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人.
i don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.
28. clothes 统指身上穿的各种服装,包括上衣,裤子,内衣等,做主语,谓语动词按复数处理.
clothing 不可数名词,是服装的总称,包括各种衣服,帽子,鞋袜等.做主语谓动按单三处理. cloth 布料.12345678910111213141516171819
二.短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干… allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益 16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 18. learn from 向某人学习
19. at present 目前,现在 20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会
21.english-english dictionary 英英词典 22. at least 至少
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
24. an old people’s home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
26. primary schools 小学 27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复 29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员 31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
32. think about 思考,考虑 33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱
36. care about 关心,担心,在乎 37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. i don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.they talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.he is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点.
4.we should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.what school rules do you think should be changed? 12345678910111213141516171819
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.the two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.the classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
8.should i be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.only then will i have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.we have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.
unit 4
一、知识点
1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion与数字连用不能用复数。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必须用复数。
3、look for寻找find找到、发现
find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。
4、bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来
5、talk to/with sb 同××说话。
tell 告诉, 分辨,辨别。
speak to sb 同××说话,做及物动词,后跟语言。
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语,着重强调说话内容。
6、what if …… 如果……将会怎么样?(引导条件状语从句、疑问句)
eg what if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办?
what if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办?
what if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办?
7、before 引导一个句子,为连词。后跟短语或名词等,则为介词。
8、food 表示食品种类,一种食物时,为可数名词
eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷冻食品
9、复数名词可表示一类食品(如 dogs)
a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类(如 a dog)
10、confident(adj.) confidence(n.)
11、what does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。
what’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。
12、 give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
13、permission (n.) 允许,许可 permit (v.) 允许
14、plenty of 充足的,相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词,只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ①公司 ②一群人,一伙人 ③ 陪伴
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
①进行,进展 eg the business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。
how are you getting along with your english study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了?
②相处
eg do you get along with your boss?= do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗?
i’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
18、would rather … than … (= would … rather than)宁愿,而不愿。12345678910111213141516171819
前后连接两个动词原形,否定形式为:would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词,动词应为v-ing 形式。
eg he would rather jog than play football.=he prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用,表示“宁愿做…”
eg he would rather watch tv at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
连接两个并列成分,前后对称。
eg i’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
i decided to write rather than telephone.
i like going out with you rather than with him.
she enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做宾语修饰名词,放在名词之后 eg the weather today今天的天气 people here这里的人们the man downstairs楼下的那个男的 the passage below 下面的这段话
20、a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
21、there is an english speech contest next month
用一般现在时表示将来,表示计划或安排好的动作,或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。
22、the rest 其余的,可指代可数或不可数名词。the other(s) 只能指代可数名词
23、come up with 提出或提出(答案、方法)等。类似于think of.
eg how would you come up with this idea? 你怎样想出这个注意的?
my brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的人
24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××…… offer to sb sth 主动提出干……
二、短语
1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究
3、what if …… 如果…怎么样? 4、get nervous 紧张
5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于
7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可
11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友 12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许
13、introduce…to… 把…介绍给… 14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…
15、social situations 社会环境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不,一点也不
17、right away 立刻,马上 18、all day 全天12345678910111213141516171819
19、be friendly to 对…友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间
21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、english speech contest 英语演讲比赛
23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一(前茅)
25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生
be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 从句 在做某事方面有经验
30、deal with 对付,处理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地,无意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 网友
三、句子
1、he doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。
2、you shouldn’t worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。
3、what will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会干什么?
4、if i were you, i ‘d take a small present.如果我是你,我会带一个小礼物。
5、i’m too tired to do well.我太累了,没考好。
6、dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。
7、what are you like? 你是什么样的人?
8、i’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他(她)到我家吃饭。9、you enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。
10、i feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、she always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。
12、she doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。
13、if i were you, i’ll get out of here.如果我是你,我会离开这里。
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