【新课程中考英语备考手册2019】2019年中考英语备考名师精品资料――阅读理解

【jiaoan.jxxyjl.com--九年级英语教案】

一、解题策略指导
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：
1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。
4．既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。
　　试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。(这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人)体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格(要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势)等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。
　　大致来说，主要针对如下方面：1.文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或解释；2.文章的某细节或情节；3.文章的主题；4.文章的背景知识；5.文章的结论或结局；6.文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。
　　具体来讲主要有以下几种题型：
　　具体信息：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
　　语义理解：题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
　　逻辑推理：这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
归纳概括：要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
词意判断：要求根据上下文判断短文中词或短语的意思。
在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。
提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有细读、略读、全读等。
扫读：是一种快速阅读方法，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。
略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些东西不读，取出短文中的关键性东西。
细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。
带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。
根据上下文猜测词意：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词意。
二、范例解析引路
例一：
one day, a doctor was looking over the eyesight of the young men who were ready to join the army. by jeff’s turn the doctor pointed to the eye chart（图表）on the wall and said, “please read the top line, young man.”
“the top line of what?”
“the top line of the chart.”
“what chart?”
“the one on the wall.”
“where’s the wall?” jeff asked. at last the doctor thought the young man’s eyesight was too poor. he couldn’t join the army.
 that evening the same young man was at the cinema when another man came and sat next to him. when the film was over and the lights went on, the young man found that it was the doctor who sat next to him. at once he said to the doctor, “excuse me, madam, but does this bus go to the museum street?”
judge the following sentences true (t) or false (f).
1. the young man hoped to be a soldier.
2. at first the doctor believed what the young man had said.
3. the young man’s eyesight was really weak.
答案
1—3  ftf
解析
本题属于阅读理解正误判断题。从文章的选材来看，是一篇故事性的短文。内容大意是描写一个叫jeff的年青人，他不想去服兵役，在体检时假装自己的视力不好而去欺骗医生。医生相信了他，因此他不能去参军。而晚上在电影院时，jeff碰巧又遇到了医生。jeff非常聪明，又用一句谎言而蒙混过关。此阅读材料共设三道小题：
第一小题题干的意思是说这个年青人想当兵。文章中没有一句话直接告诉考生这句话的答案是不对的，但从整个短文的意思来看，他是不喜欢参军的，否则他也不能假装视力不好。这道题属于推理判断题。
第二道小题，题干的意思是说医生开始的时候相信了年青人的话。这道题属于语义理解性题目，在短文中第六段中“at last the doctor thought the young man’s eyesight was too poor.”这句话中可以看出答案是正确的。
第三道小题意思是说这个年青人的视力真的不好。这道题的设题上属于逻辑推理性题目，因为从文章的最后一段可知，他视力如果不好，就不可能去看电影，也不可能认出医生来。本道题是阅读理解中的第一篇，故事情节幽默，句子简单易懂。难度不大，旨在缓和考生面对中考时的紧张情绪。考生在答题中先读懂短文，理解短文的大意和脉络，然后依据短文内容对试题后给出的句子进行是非判断。同进，对每一道题进行判断时，应从文章的具体段落和句子中找到判断的依据，不能凭印象想当然。对有些似是而非的句子，一定要认真识别，只有完全符合文章意思的方可判定为正确。
例二：
people all over the world eat rice. millions of people in asia, africa, and south america live on it. some people eat almost nothing but rice. rice is a kind of grass. there are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. most kinds are water plants. farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the south of the united states and in eastern australia.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
china is the world’s largest rice-growing country. in XX, china grew 166 million tons of rice. but it is not easy to feed the world’s largest population. in the 1960s, thousands of chinese died because they didn’t have enough food to eat. in the 1970s, yuan longping, a chinese scientist, grew a kind of rice called hybrid（杂交） rice. it makes 20% more rice than any other kind. hybrid rice is a stronger plant, unlike ordinary rice. it can grow in lots of water or in not much water. it doesn’t easily get diseases or worms.
 today, half of china’s rice plants are yuan’s special hybrid rice. china uses yuan’s hybrid rice to grow much more rice than before. yuan is known as the father of hybrid rice. he won the world food prize for his work to help feed so many people.
choose the best choice from abc or d according to the passage above.
1. rice is grown ______ in the world.
a. in lots of countries    b. for humans and animals
c. only on wet land     d. by chinese farmers
2. china _____ in the world.
a. offers the best rice to people  b. harvests the most rice
c. has the largest farmland   d. is short of rice
3. yuan longping’s hybrid rice ______.
a. gets sick more often    b. is ordinary rice
c. can grow without water   d. can make more rice than the others
4. the chinese scientist, yuan longping, is famous for ______.
a. the father of rice    b. his rice to feed all chinese
c. his hybrid rice     d. growing different kinds of rice
答案
1—4 abdc
解析
本题属于阅读理解选择题，是中考阅读理解最常见的题型。本文是一篇科普性的文章，通过介绍我国科学家袁隆平及他所培育的杂交水稻，以及他在自己平凡的工作岗位上为国家做出的杰出贡献，向学生渗透热爱科学的理念，培养学生脚踏实地，认真做事、做学问的求实精神。
第一道小题的设题属于语义理解性题目，在世界的什么地方可以种植水稻，从文章中的第一段中“farmers grow rice in many countries”，只有答案a中用的“lots of”这个词，many与lots of是同义词，因此从这句话可以选出答案a是正确的。
第二道小题也属于语义理解性题目，从第二段的第一句话“china is the world’s largest rice-growing country.”可以推断出答案b是正确的。
第三道小题属于直接理解性题目，从第二段中的“it makes 20% more rice than any other kind.”可以选出答案d是正确的。
第四道小题属于归纳概括性题目，需认真阅读全文，仔细推敲每个答案：答案a具有片面性，文章中说他是the father of hybrid rice而不是the father of rice；答案b 的题干是his rice to feed all chinese，而在文章中说half of china’s rice plants are yuan’s special hybrid rice，此答案明显是不正确的；答案c是正确的；答案d的题干是growing different kinds of rice，而从文章中可以得知yuan longping只是种植杂交水稻。答题时考生要在正确理解短文内容的基础上，认真看清短文后的题目内容和要求，然后根据短文内容，运用分析、排除等方法选择正确答案。对短文中没有直接说明又无法从短文所提供的材料上明确做出判断的，就要在理解字面意思的基础上进行深入分析、推理，或联想短文材料以外的常识加以考虑，从而推断出正确答案。12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
例三：
our school is always asking students to take part in school activities（活动）and events. what’s been going on in our school?
every week there is a film night of popular chinese and english films. after the films, there’re discussions groups where the audience can share their ideas and ask questions about the films. every two weeks, on wednesday there is a cooking night. students come and cook delicious chinese dishes. the first thursday of each month is a fun night. students come to play computer games or to sing karaoke. there are karaoke competitions. so young people can come and show off their singing.
there are also a few short classes on subjects such as chinese handwriting and the history of china. these are open to the whole city.
every year we have a special activity with the name china night. it is our most exciting and biggest activity of the year. there are traditional and modern chinese singing, dancing and acting. what a great night it is!
answer the following questions according to the passage you read.
1. how often can the students see films every month?
2. who can go to chinese handwriting class?
3. how many times a month do the students cook chinese food?
4. what activities does the school have?
答案
1. they can see films four times a month. / four times.
2. all the people.
3. twice. / the students cook chinese food twice a month.
4. film night, cooking night, fun night and china night.
解析
 本题属于阅读理解回答问题题。文章的题材是考生熟悉的校园生活的短文，是有关学生的课外活动，共涉及了四个活动的名称，介绍了活动相关的时间、内容和参加人员等等。      第一道小题，问的是每个月学生们多长时间看一次电影，属于考查细节。从文章中的第二段中的第一句话“every week there is a film night of popular chinese and english films.”可以看出是每周看一次电影，而一个月通常是四周，因此答案应是four times。 
第二道小题，问的是谁能参加中国书法课？属于语义理解性题目，通过对文章中的第三段的“these are open to the whole city.”这句话的理解，可以知道此小题目的答案应是all the people。
第三道小题，问的是学生一个月做几次中国食品。此题的设题同第一小题是相同的，也属于考查细节性题目。从第二段中的“every two weeks”中可以知道每两周一次，那么一个月就应该是两次，因此正确答案应是twice。
第四道小题，问题是学校有哪些活动？此题属于归纳概括性题目，需在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳，共有四个，分别是film night, cooking night, fun night and china night。考生在答此类试题时，首先弄清楚问的是什么信息（what, when, where, why, how等）；然后再根据对文章的理解和把握组织自己的语言，写出正确答案。可以用完整的回答方式，如（they can see films four times a month.），也可用简短的回答方式，如（four times.）。此道题考查了学生的综合概括能力和处理信息的能力。12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
例四：

fill in each blank according to what you read, only one word for each blank.
1. the weather report says it will be ______ in east coasts. if you go there, you’d better take an ______ with you.
2. the football match will be ______ in jinzhou stadium on ______.
3. you can’t borrow ______ five books each time and you should ______ for watching videos.
4. adults can’t go to the music festival for young ______ ______.
答案
1. rainy, umbrella     2. held, sunday
3. over, pay      4. listeners, alone / themselves
解析
本题属于阅读理解填空题。所选文章的体裁是实用文体，有图表、广告、海报等形式，图文并茂，所涉及的内容有球赛、天气预报、音乐会和图书馆书目、音像简介等，具有时代感强、实用性强、可读性强的特点，贴近学生的日常生活。
第一道小题设题是有关天气的，第一个空问的是在in east coasts的天气是什么样的？属于考查细节性题目，从文章中的“east coasts will have rain.”此句话中可以得知，应是下雨的天气，而设题是“it will be______”，应用形容词来形容天气，因此可以得知答案应是rainy；第二空设题属于逻辑推理性题目，you’d better take an ______ with you.在文章中不能直接找到此题的答案，但是根据对文章意思的理解和推断，下雨就应该带伞了，因此答案应是umbrella。
第二道小题是有关足球比赛的，第一空是考查学生对题干的理解，the football match will be ______ in jinzhou stadium，根据句意应填“举行”这一词，答案为held；而第二空on ______，此空明显是填相关日期的，属于直接理解性题目，从文章来看，可以填日期，也可填星期，但题目要求只能填一词，因此只能填星期sunday。
第三道小题是有关图书馆书目的，第一空问的是每次借书的数量，属于语义理解性题目，从文章中borrow five books at most at one time这句话中可以得知每次最多是借五本，而设题you can’t borrow ______ five books each time，当然是不能超过五本了，“超过”这一词应是over。第二空问的是看录像应该怎么样，从文章中的最后一句keep a video for a week for 1 dollar和设题you should ______ for watching videos可以得知是应该付费的，与for搭配的动词是pay。
第四小题是有关音乐节的，设题是adults can’t go to the music festival for young ______ ______. 从文中“music for young listeners”和“each adult must come with a child.”这两句话中可以得知，年青人必须和父母一起来，因此答案第一空应为listeners, 第二空应为alone / themselves，属于考查细节性题目。考生在解此类题时先认真阅读所给的短文、图表或广告，掌握其内容后，再细读所给待补全的句子。解题时，可带着问题到原文中去寻找答案，寻读原文中与之相关的句子。先确定空格处所填词的词义，然后再判定其词形。解这类题时，应注意信息转换，同义句改写等。
三、实践评估自测
section one
choose the best topic from a to f according to the meaning of the passage. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
(1)
1. a 60 year-old beijing woman was arrested while stealing clothes at a supermarket last week. when the policemen searched her home, they found that she had stolen a number of goods ranging from socks to dresses, with a total value of around 50,000 yuan (us$6,170). her husband said that she is "probably" a kleptomaniac.
2. on december 26 tilly, a british schoolgirl felt something was wrong while on the beach with her family. her mind kept going back to the geography lesson just two weeks before she flew to thailand with her family.
“i recognized what was happening and had a feeling there was going to be a tsunami. i told mummy,” tilly remembered.
quick action by tilly’s mother and thai hotel staff meant the beach was quickly cleared, just minutes before a huge wave crashed(冲撞). the beach was one of the few on the island of phuket where no one was killed. 
3. beijing’s government steps up safety at all schools and kindergartens in which some children have been hurt and even killed. as road accidents are listed as the no 1 killer, something must be done to ensure campus（校园）safety in the city.
4. a special potted(盆栽的) flower and potted plants market has recently opened to the public in the yuquanying area of beijing. the plants and flowers displayed at the market are believed to play a major role in removing the so-called “indoor polution.”
5. to guard against criminals(罪犯) who use the fake id cards to engage（从事） in illegal transactions（非法交易）, the jsc&i korea company’s beijing branch has recently developed a new scanning（扫描） and identification system（识别系统）. with the help of the new gadget, a person’s name card, facial features and fingerprint can be identified in a short time. 

a. hard study saves lives
b. keeping things real
c. how to learn well
d. child safety
e. long-time thief
f. magic plants

(2)
1. a group of penguins at a zoo in japan take a walk to lose weight. every day, 15 king penguins there walk 500 metres twice. "just like humans, penguins don"t exercise much during winter. they become fat easily," says a zookeeper.
2. experienced female college graduate with a major in english offers temporary and long-term translation service and would also like to teach chinese to foreigners at a reasonable and affordable price.
　  email: nobadluck@diyifanwen.com
   3. wendy and peter went to bed early last night so that they would have plenty of rest. the next morning, their mom took them to the airport. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
 now they are at the airport. “how will our suitcases (小提箱) get to london?” peter asks. mom says,“they put them into the bottom of the plane. they fly with you.”
   the flight attendant (飞机乘务员) shows them to their seats. wendy has a window seat, and peter is to him. both of them put on their seat belts. the flight attendant shows them what to do if there is an emergency (紧急情况). then it is time to take off.
    4. in the 1960s, some countries cared a lot about the moon. they had a dream: to be the first country to put a man on the moon. american and russia were part of this “space race.” they spent a lot of time and money on it. the first man in space was yuri gagarin, a russian. that was in 1961. years later, in 1969, an american space ship flew to the moon. neil armstrong walked out. he was the first man on the moon.
    5. i need an assistant (male or female) who supports me in a wide range of fields, like economic topics, business- and labor law, translation, the person should know how to deal with public authorities and of course he or she is good at both english and chinese.

a. assistant wanted
b. race to the moon
c. job wanted
d. the first man on the moon
e. first plane trip
f. it’s good to walk

(3)
1. beijing is to provide the homeless with food, warm clothes and shelter to help them survive the winter, according to the city"s rescue administration. all the 19 rescue centres in the city are open to the homeless, providing shelter and other necessities. food and clothes will also be handed out to those who are reluctant to come to the rescue centres.
    2. beijing expects to close down 83 coalmines in its year-end coalmine safety rectification drive, according to the beijing mine safety supervision bureau. the city will also set up a coalmine safety system which will demand coalmine directors and managers go down shafts in shifts to ensure safe production and reduce the chances of accidents. the new regulation will be issued next year. violators will be fined 30,000 yuan (us$3,750) to 150,000 yuan (us$1,875).
    3. china"s first on-line musical classroom was launched in beijing with lu siqing, a well-known chinese violinist, giving the first lesson. lu, nicknamed the "paganini of the east," will give lessons and exchange ideas with his fans in his "personal on-line concert hall." the website, which can be found at www.dofala.com, will provide lessons, teaching resources and give musicians a opportunity to be heard. lu will also share some of his unreleased works.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
    4. beijing has recently seen the emergence of the first group of electronic bus stop signs which provide a wealth of useful information including news updates and weather forecasts. more importantly the signs can show how long people have to wait for the next bus. the first batch is being installed along chang"an avenue and other main roads.
5. it was her first time in beijing, and the warm hearted doctors and nurses, all made han meiyan very welcome, putting a big smile on her face.
han is just one of the 20 children who came from the impoverished areas in qinghai province to receive medical treatment at the plastic surgery hospital in beijing.

a. smart bus stops               b. net tune tutoring
c. a well-known chinese violinist   d. homeless help
e. get down there                f. for tomorrow"s smile

(4)
1. many people like animals and take them as their pets. nowadays pet hospitals are very busy. kind persons who love animals are needed to work in busy animal hospitals.
2. scientists think that pets will probably be much smaller because people in the future will be living in much smaller spaces. scientists are already working on making very small farm animals. the same things might be done to make smaller cats and dogs.
3. it’s said that some day you might own a panther as a pet. scientists might have to start turning wild animals into pets. this might be the only way to save them from dying out.
4. what about a robot for a pet? this may sound silly, but it could become true. robot dogs have been made to bark like real dogs. these “pets” might become more and more popular in the future. after all, robots don’t lose hair or chew on things the way real pets do.
5. lots of people miss their pets while they are on holiday. one hotel in minnesota has solved this problem. they lend cats to their guests. many experts believe this idea will become more and more popular. it is very possible that in the future you will be able to order a pet, as well as room service, at a hotel.

a. pet hotels
b. smaller pets
c. a robot doctor
d. robots for pets
e. a panther for a pet
f. assistant needed in pet hospitals
 
(5)
1. small children don’t understand that hot water and hot drinks can be dangerous. we often forget the dangers ourselves. yet it only takes a cup of hot tea or coffee or a bath that’s too hot to scald a child badly. a severe(严重的) scald can mean a long stay in hospital, and a really severe scald can kill.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
2. children of all ages fall and hurt themselves from time to time. luckily most falls aren’t serious, but some can cause severe injuries, such as head injuries.
for babies, the danger is rolling off the edge of something like a bed, chair, table or kitchen worktop.
toddlers(初学走路的孩子) soon learn to climb and explore. to them, climbing on furniture(家具) doesn’t seem dangerous. it’s just fun. but it is very easy for a toddler to fall off a piece of furniture, or down the stairs, or even out of a window or off a balcony.
with older children, adventure (冒险) accidents are a problem. climbing trees, high walls, or fences can be dangerous.
3. every year children die in house fires and many more are badly burnt. a cigarette, for example, can easily start a fire. and many fires are started by children playing with matches.
but of course it’s not only fires that cause burns. there are things in every home that can burn a child badly－a hot iron (熨斗), for example, or an electric fire.
4. children love playing with water. whether it’s in the bath at bed time or in the garden pond or in the sea, water is fun. but it is also dangerous. a baby or toddler can drown in every shallow water－far less than you put in the bath.
5. glass causes the most serious cuts. few people realize just how serious glass cuts are. yet every year about 7,000 children end up in hospital because of accidents with glass. these are not only accidents with things like broken bottles. more often the children have fallen through a glass door or window and are badly hurt.

a. burns
b. fires
c. scalds
d. drowning
e. falls
f. cuts

section two
(1)
tom, an 11-year-old boy, was ill. he had got a cough. his mother was worried and took him to see a doctor. the doctor looked over tom carefully and said, “tom, nothing serious.” then he gave him some medicine. these are the words on the instruction of the cough medicine.

instruction

take three times a day after meals
dose(剂量): grown-ups: 2 spoons each time
children: 8-l4yrs. one spoon, 4-7 yrs. 1/2 spoon
not fit for children below the age of 4 years
notes: 1. store in a cold place. 2. using before oct. XX-2-23
tel & fax: 021-56317708
e-mail: www.cmxc.com
add: no. 10 nanjing road, shanghai

1. tom should take three spoons in a day.
2. tom had better have his meals before he takes the medicine.
3. the medicine can be kept in a fridge.
4. children aged five can’t take this medicine.
5. from this instruction we know tom can go on using the left medicine after oct. XX.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637

(2)
inventions arrive every day. when people invent great new things, we get ideas about the future.
what will the future be like? it’s possible that we may often fly up into space! out of all the coolest inventions of the year, space ship one is thought to be the best.
space ship one is a 6-metre-long white spaceship. on june 21, XX, american pilot mike mclville flew it to space and back－about 100 kilomtres up into the sky.
some might say it’s not a big deal. you know, people went to the moon years ago.
well, space ship one is special because it is the first spaceship that wasn’t made by the government(政府). it was built and sent up by a private(私人的) us company.
lots of people went to travel in space. but it’s too expensive. american millionaire(百万富翁) dennis tito paid almost us $20 million to become the first space tourist to visit the international space station in XX.
so private companies began to think of making their own spaceship to take other tourists up into space.
the success of space ship one is a good start.
“the flight opens a new page in history, putting space within the reach of ordinary people,” said patti smith, an official at us federal aviation administration(联邦航空管理局).
in the next 10 to 15 years, if you pay $20,000 to $100,000 you could fly high above the earth.
what about having your own spaceship in your garage(车库) and taking it to space at the weekend.
1. of all the coolest inventions from which people can get ideas about the future of the year, space ship one was chosen as the best one.
2. from the passage, we know that only few people have the right to build the spaceship.
3. if you want to fly to the international space station, you’d better keep healthy and eat more food.
4. people would know things well about the space since 1960.
5. the successful flight of space ship one opens a new page in history, because it puts space near to the ordinary people.

(3)
department stores (百货商店) in the united states are very large. they are called department stores because they have many different departments. for example, you can buy dresses, blouses and skirts in the women’s clothing department. you can buy suits, shirts and ties in men’s clothing department. parents can buy clothing for their children in the children’s clothing department. and shoes, boots, and sneakers (运动鞋) are in the shoe department.
most department stores have tvs and radios in their home entertainment departments. some stores also have appliance (器具) departments. you can buy refrigerators, stoves, dishwashers, and other appliances there.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
do you want to read a book? go to the book department! do you want to buy a pair of earrings (耳环) or a necklace? go to jewelry department! do you want to buy some special chocolate? go to the gourmet food department (美食店)!
there are a lot of other reasons why people shop in department stores. you can buy things at special low prices when department stores have sales. sometimes stores even have half-price sales!
you can also return things at department stores. take your receipt (收据) to the customer service department, and you can exchange the item (项目) or get back the money. in some stores, you can even eat lunch or dinner in a restaurant.
department stores are great places to shop because people can get almost everything they want in one place.
1. you can buy sneakers either in the women’s clothing department or in the men’s clothing
department.
2. most department stores sell television sets.
3. if you want to buy an air-conditioner (空调), you should go to the jewelry department.
4. you can save money when the store has a sale.
5. if you want to return something, you can be served a good meal.

(4)
many american families live busy lives. every week, the children have sports, music lessons, club meetings, and many other activities, including (包括) hours of homework. the parents are busy, too. they work, take care of their homes, cook meals, and drive their children to activities. some families do not have time to eat meals together more than once a week. one american community (社区) decided that it was time to take a break.
 after seven months of planning, the community of ridgewood, new jersey, took one night off. they called it “family night”, a night for families to spend time together. sports teams stopped their practices, and teachers did not give homework.
 on family night, families agreed to turn off their televisions. they also decided not to answer the telephone. answering machines said, “please call back tomorrow.” many families ordered take-out pizza and other take-out food so that they wouldn’t spend time cooking.
 popular activities included board games and card games. these games gave families a chance to spend time together. children and parents weren’t so busy, and children didn’t spend so much time playing video games and watching television. on family night, families relaxed and spent the evening together. the town hopes to have many more “family nights”.
1. many american families are too busy.
2. children have many other activities besides homework.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
3. it took one night for ridgewood to plan the special “family night”.
4. parents cooked a big dinner for the whole family on “family night”.
5. more “family nights” are expected by the people in the town.

(5)
the red cross helps the children of different countries know each other better. children in schools all over the world have their own red cross groups. these children write letters and send presents and pictures to one another. the american red cross also gives help and advice to the red cross societies of other countries. through these activities the red cross hopes to bring about a more friendly, more peaceful world.
1. the children of different countries can know each other better because the red cross helps them to do so.
2. the red cross doesn"t have many members in schools in asia.
3. the children in the red cross groups write letters and send presents and pictures to each爋ther because they just want to know each other.
4. what the red cross does is to hope that the people all over the world will live in peace.
5. the red cross is doing something good for the friendship of the people.

(6)
country music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the united states today because it is about simple but strong human feelings and events - love, sadness, good times and bad times. it tells real-life stories and sounds in the way people really talk. as life becomes hard for us, it is good to hear music about ordinary people.
    country music, sometimes called country-western music, comes from two kinds of music. one is the traditional music of the people in the appalachian mountains in the eastern united states. the other is traditional cowboy music from the west. the singers usually play the guitars, and in the 1920s they started using electric guitars.
    at first city people said country music was low class. it was popular mostly in the south. but during world war ii, thousands of southerners went to the northeast and midwest to work in the factories. they took their music with them. soldiers from the rest of the country went to army camps in the south. they learned country music. slowly it became popular all over the country.
    today country music is also popular everywhere in the united states and canada, in small towns and among towns and in new york city, among black and white, and among educated and uneducated people. about 1200 radio stations broadcast country music twenty-four hours a day. english stars sing it in british english, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages. the music that started with cowboys and poor southerners is now popular all over the world.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
1. people like country music because it is about human feelings and events.
2. country music comes from the northeast and midwest of america.
3. city people thought country music was low class because it was sung by cowboys and poor southerners.
4. country music became popular during world war ii.
5. today country music is sung by stars all in english.

(7)
for most americans, life without a car is hard to imagine. however, society has realized the serious air pollution problem caused by cars. the polluted air becomes poisonous(有毒的) to our health.
one way to get rid of(摆脱) the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. that’s what several large companies have been trying to do. but to build a clean car is easier said than done. progress is this field has been slow.
    another way is to replace the car engine(发动机) with something. now inventors are working on steam(蒸汽) cars as well as electric cars. many car makers believe that it will take years to develop a useful model that pleases people.
    to prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we make some changes in the way we live. americans, for example, have to reduce(减少) the number of their total cars. they should be encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle.
    but this change does not come easily. a large number of workers might find themselves without jobs if a car factory is closed. thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment(失业).
    although cars have led(引导) us to better lives, they have also brought us new problems.
1. a car is very important for most americans.
2. building a clean car is not difficult.
3. one way to get rid of the polluted air is to replace the car engine.
4. the writer thinks that the problem of air pollution is more important that that of unemployment.

(8)
many years ago, there was a man. he had a cat and loved it very much. he decided to call it sky. one day, a friend said to him, "let me tell you that there is something stronger than the sky. i mean the clouds, for they cover the sky." "you are right." answered the man, "and now i"m going to give my cat the name ‘cloud’”.
    two days later, another man was having supper with him at his house. “why do you call cat cloud? the wind blows away the cloud without difficulty.” so the man changed its name again. it was then called wind.
    but a week had not passed when his neighbor noticed this quite beautiful cat. he said, “wind seems to be the worst name. even a wall can stop the wind. wall seems to be better.” so the cat was called wall. but a teacher said that a wall was not stronger than a mouse. the man had to change the name again. just then the man"s son came in. “mouse!” he shouted. “what a foolish name! i know something much stronger than a mouse. everyone knows that a cat catches the mouse and eats it. a cat is stronger than a mouse,” said the boy. this time the man saw his mistake. he changed its name back to cat again.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
1. the man named his cat “sky” because he liked it very much.
2. one day he changed the name sky because he was told that the sky was higher than the cloud.
3. he turned the name to “cloud” because he found that the cloud would be blown away by the wind.
4. his neighbor considered "wind" the worst name because even a wall could stop it.
5. finally the man called his cat “cat” because he thought a wall not stronger than mouse.

(9)  
do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work? or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?
    if you do, you need to take control of your feelings and stop getting angry so easily. getting angry with people can cause you to lose friends.
    gary egeberg, an american high school teacher, has written “my feelings just like wild animals” to help you control your feelings. it tells teens how to stay cool when bad things happen to them.
    the book says that getting angry only makes problems worse. it can never make them better.
    getting angry is not a natural way to act, the book says. it is just a bad habit, like smoking.
    the book says you can control your anger(怒气) easily¬－all you have to do is tell yourself not to be angry.
    when a baby falls over, it only cries if people are watching it.
    like a baby, you should only get angry if you are sure it is the right thing to do.
    the book gives many tips(提示) to help you if you get angry easily. here are our top three:
    1. keep a record. every time you get angry write down why you are angry. look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily.
    2. ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry. this will teach you not to be angry.
    3. do something different. when you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. try to laugh!
1. getting angry with people can cause you to lose friends.
2. the book “my feelings just like wild animals” can help you make more friends.
3. the book says you can control your anger easily by telling yourself not to be angry.
4. if you fall over, you should get angry.
5. keeping a record can help you learn from your past experience and control your anger.

(10)
these two letters appeared in a newspaper. both writers have their own ideas on zoos.

zoos do a good job
it is good to keep animals in zoos. i know a lot people think it is wrong to keep animals in zoos. however, i believe that zoos have many good points. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
firstly, zoos are places for people to see many different kinds of animals from all over the world. without zoos, most people would never see a real bear or tiger.
secondly, zoos look after the animals very well. the animals are always given food and cleaned regularly(定期). in the wild(荒野), it is not always possible for an animal to find food, so sometimes it goes hungry. but animals kept in zoos never go hungry.
thirdly, zoos protect the animals they look after. they offer them safe places to live in. in the wild, some kinds of animals are in danger of becoming extinct(灭绝). but zoos give these animals a chance to live. without zoos, there would be fewer kinds of animals in the world.
                                             maria smith

zoos are unnatural
in maria’s letter, she says that zoos are good for animals. i am afraid that zoos are not good for animals, and they are only good for people.
it is unnatural(非自然的) and unfair(不公平的) to keep wild animals in cages that are too small for them. in the wild, these animals would travel freely. in zoos, they can’t do this. this is why the bears and tigers look so sad.
most cages are not very clean either. it is true that zoos give the animals food regularly, but this is not natural. wild animals are used to looking for their own food. we should treat(对待) animals in the same way that we treat other people－with respect(尊重).
would anyone be happy if you don’t let him go outside his home? would maria like to have lots of people standing outside her house looking at her? no, she wouldn’t. any animals don’t like it either.
                                                  philip black
1. maria and philip have quite different ideas on keeping animals in zoos.
2. in maria’s opinion(观点), a real bear or tiger can only be seen in zoos.
3. maria thinks that animals live better in zoos than in the wild.
4. according to philip, if cages are big and clean enough, tigers and bears will look happy.
5. maria and philip are discussing how to make animals in zoos happy. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637

section three
choose the best choice from abc or d according to each passage. 
(1)
for many years scientists have said that the earth is getting warmer. now they have found something new－hot cities! in the southern us, they have found that cities become very hot in summer. for example, the city of atlanta in georgia has rooftop temperatures of up to 50 degrees while it is 27 degrees in the streets! at night, the outsides of the building stay so hot that the heat of the city causes storm over the city.
   china also has the same kind of problems. every year more farming land is used for factories or offices. more housing is needed, too. as people become richer, they buy more cars. now roads are needed and new car parks are built in the city centers. this all makes the city hotter.
   it is not easy to change the situation. city planners say that we should plant more trees in the middle of cities. every new street should have trees on both sides, they say. trees make the temperatures lower, so we should have more trees in our parks and squares. also we should paint our roofs white. if we do this, they do not become so hot. every roof in a hot and sunny country should have solar roof panels. the electricity from these can be used to run the air conditioners in the building.
   people continue to cut down forests around the cities. this makes the problem worse. cities are growing faster and faster. by the year 2025, 80％ of the world’s population will be living in cities. if we go on like this, there will not be enough farmland to feed everyone in the world.
1. the best title for the passage is _______.
   a. the earth is getting warmer    b. more land is needed
   c. cities are warmer in winter    d. scientists are worried about storms
2. what have scientists found?
   a. atlanta is the hottest town in the usa.    b. buildings become very hot in the sun.
c. it is not as hot on the roof as in the street.  d. there are not as many storms as before.
3. what can we do to make the cities cooler?
a. make more parks.                     b. use air conditioners more.
c. paint the roofs of all the white buildings.   d. plant more trees.
4. what may happen in future?
a. most people will move to the villages.    b. people will plant more trees outside the cities.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
c. we will not have enough food.          d. the problem will get better, not worse

(2)
 when might you need to give blood(血) for a personality test? the answer is that you need to do so when you ask for a job.
 some people believe that your blood group hides(隐藏) no secrets. it shows the “real you”. and the owners of certain blood groups might be particularly good or bad at certain tasks(任务). this is the very reasons of why you could be asked to offer your blood group before being given a job.
 the new idea was carried out first in japan and now it has been brought over to other parts of the world. one important business company in japan is quite special about this need:“for our office members, we must have 30 percent of group a and 15 percent of ab, 25 percent of o and 30 percent of b”.
 do you happen to know your own blood group? it seems that if you belong to blood group o, you can get things done and sell the goods well. blood group a are the thinkers, while blood group b are highly creative. and if you have problems, ask the abs to solve them. so if you visited the japanese company, you would find the o types out selling goods and a types keeping order in the office.
1. according to the passage, __________.
a. four types of the blood were discovered by japan
b. people of good blood might do their work very well
c. know your own blood group and you could get a good job
d. more and more countries have accepted the new idea about blood groups
2. creative persons, good salesmen, thinkers and problem solvers are the four kinds of persons needed by the japanese company. the proportion mentioned in the passage is __________ respectively.
a. 30%, 15%, 25% and 30% b. 30%, 30%, 25% and 15%
c. 30%, 25%, 30% and 15% d. 25%, 15%, 30% and 30%
3. people belonging to blood group b might be good at __________.
a. sports and games b. smoothing away difficulties
c. doing office work d. painting and writing
4. this passage seems to lead you to believe ____________.
a. your blood group could affect your work
b. blood types can never change your life
c. the idea about blood groups has little scientific basis
d. personality tests are exactly correct
5. this passage is mainly about ___________.
a. the origin of blood group 
b. the effect of the blood group on personality
c. the secrets of blood groups 
d. the new skill of hiring people

(3)
when you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you may look the number up in a telephone book. you dial (拨) the number, and then you forget it! your short-term (短期) memory last about 30 seconds. however, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number because you already know it. this information is in your long-term memory. your long-term memory has everything that you remember through the years.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
why do you forget things sometimes? there are several reasons. an important reason for forgetting something is that you didn’t learn it well in the beginning. for example, you meet some new people, and soon you forget their names. you hear the names but you don’t learn them, so you forget them.
you can help yourself remember better. move information from your short-term memory to your long-term memory. you can do this if you practise the new information for more times.
1. why do you forget the telephone number that you don’t call often?
a. because the telephone number is too long. 
b. because the telephone number is very strange.
c. because you look it up in the telephone book.
d. because you use your short-term memory to remember it.
2. which is easier to forget?
a. your best friend’s name.                     b. something that you understand.
c. the new information that you have practised a lot.  
d. something that you didn’t learn well in the beginning.
3. how long does a person’s short-term memory last?
a. about half a second.              b. about half a minute. 
c. about half an hour.               d. about half a day.
4. what’s helpful for you to remember better?
a. learn something well in the end. 
b. look something up often.
c. use your short-term memory to learn things.
d. move information from your short-term memory to your long-term memory.
5. the writer mainly wants to tell us some ideas on how to _______.
a. keep something in mind long          b. learn a foreign language well  
c. make a telephone call                d. remember a person’s name

(4)
 when charles stratton was five, he stopped growing. his mother took him to see the famous showman, p.t. barnum. mr. barnum thought a small person would be the perfect addition to his show. he hired charles’ parents along with him, and they traveled the world together.
 he gave the two-foot tall charles a new name, general tom thumb. he taught tom how to sing, dance, act, and tell jokes. when he felt tom was ready to perform on stage, he made up ads. to stir up great interest, he said that tom was eleven years old and had come from england.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
 during the show, tom fought battles pretendedly with tall people. he also danced upon a wooden plate held by a person who was eight feet tall.
 tom’s act was very popular and brought in a lot of money. by the time tom was an adult, he had grown very rich. he had become a billionaire at the age of twenty-five.
 fortunately for tom, mr. barnum added more little people to his show, and tom became lucky in love as well. one of the little people was lavinia warren, a school teacher. tom was able to win her love, and they married.
 the ceremony and reception were the talk of the town. they were attended by many rich and famous people and by about two thousand guests. crowds filled the streets of new york to have a look at their honeymoon, just before the couple would be going to live in tom’s house in connecticut.
 their wedding, which took place during the civil war, provided a welcome escape from the sad problems of war. not willing to let this bit of sunshine fade, communities throughout the country sponsored “tom thumb” weddings, small boys and girls, all dressed up, went through marriage ceremony for fun.
1. “talk of the town” means ________.
a. it was in the newspaper 
b. people spread rumors about it
c. it was the most popular thing happening  
d. it was discussed in a city meeting
2. what does the author think about tom thumb’s wedding?
a. people gave it too much of their attention.
b. it helped people cheer up in a dark time.
c. it was funny and ridiculous
d. tom and lavinia were stupid.
3. which of the following is the best clue to the fact that tom was smart?
a. he became a billionaire at twenty-five.
b. he learned how to sing, dance, and act at a very young age.
c. he met with president lincoln during his honeymoon.
d. he married a school teacher.
4. tome would dance on a wooden plate held by a person who was eight feet tall because ______.
a. the wooden plate would make it sound as if tom were tap dancing
b. it made tome feel taller
c. the eight-foot-tall man was the only tall person tom trusted
d. the difference between them would make tom look even smaller
5. what is the main idea of the last paragraph?
a. weddings always make people feel full of sunshine.
b. people are always disappointed during war time.
c. entertainment can serve an important purpose.
d. people should be married when they are small children.

(5)
pat brown went to her bank to ask for an atm (自动取款机) card. it looks like a credit card. a few weeks later, the bank posted her a card and a four-number personal identification number (pin). her pin is 1234.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
as pat was getting ready for bed one night, she remembered that she had only $2 in her bag. the next day she had to give $10 for a lunch for a co-worker. she didn’t want to get up early to go to the bank. so she had to go to the bank that night. she used her atm card to take out $50 from her checking account (账户).
these are the steps she followed to withdraw (提取) money. first, she put her card in the lower slot (狭孔) on the right side of the machine. she made sure her card was facing the right way. second, the computer screen said, “please enter your pin.” pat pressed the number 1, 2, 3 and 4. next, the screen said, “please select type of transaction (交易) you want by pressing other keys.” pat pressed the button key for taking out money.
then the screen said, “from which account?” the choices it gave were checking, savings, and money market. pat pressed the key for checking. next, the screen said, “please select amount (数量) of transaction (办理).” pat pushed the number 5 and then 0 three times, and the screen read, “50.00.” the screen then read, “please wait.” in less than a minute, it read, “please lift the lid and take your money.”
pat lifted the lid marked withdraw (提取). she counted her $50 to make sure the atm hadn’t made a mistake. then she waited for her withdrawal slip to come out of the slot at the upper right corner of the machine. pat checked the slip to make sure it was correct. then her atm card was returned through the card slot. she put it in her bag and walked away. if pat had made a mistake at any point by pressing the wrong button, she could have pressed cancel (取消, 删去) and started over again.
1. what was pat’s first step?
  a. pressing the withdrawal button.               b. inserting (插入) her atm card. 
c. counting her money.
2. what did pat do at once after choosing the account?
  a. selected whether to withdraw, deposit (存款), or transfer (转帐, 过户) money. 
b. lifted the lid and removed her money. 
c. selected the amount of money she wanted to withdraw.
3. when did pat enter her pin?
  a. right after inserting her card.           b. right before selecting the account.
c. right before selecting the amount of money.
4. when did pat select the type of transaction?
  a. right before receiving her withdrawal slip.     b. right after recording her pin.  12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
c. right after selecting which account she wanted.
5. what did pat do when the screen said “please lift the lid and take your money.”?
  a. took her $50.  b. got out her card.  c. picked up her withdrawal slip.

(6)
 to master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write. lenin and his wife krupskaya translated a long english book into russian. but when they went to england in 1902, english people couldn’t understand a word they said and they couldn’t understand what was said to them. these days more and more foreigners are coming to china and more chinese are going out to foreign countries to work or study. so the spoken language is becoming more and more important.
 speaking, of course, can’t go without listening. if you want to pronounce a word correctly, first you must hear it correctly. thy sounds of the chinese and english languages are not exactly the same. if you don’t listen carefully, you’ll find it difficult or even impossible to understand the native speakers.
 well, what about writing? like speaking, it’s to exchange ideas. people generally use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing. the important thing is to make your idea clear in your head and then to write it in clear lively language.
chinese students read far too slowly. if you read fast, you understand better. if you read too slowly, by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what the beginning is about. when you meet with new words, don’t look them up in the dictionary. guess the meaning from the context. you may not guess quite correctly the first time, but as new words come up again and again in different contexts, their meaning will become clearer and clearer. if you look up every word, you’ll never finish a book.
 students of a foreign language need a particular knowledge, the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose language they are studying. they should study these subjects in the foreign language, not only in translation. in this way one can kill two birds with one stone: learn a foreign language and get some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time.
1. how many points are there in the passage?
a. two b. three c. four d. five
2. in his first point the writer told us ____________.
a. how to speak english 
b. how to read and write
c. why spoken english is important 
d. why english people couldn’t understand lenin12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
3. in his last point the writer advised us ____________.
a. to kill two birds with one stone  
b. to learn two languages at a time
c. to study all the subjects in a foreign language      
d. to get some knowledge of the foreign country whose language you are studying
4. in the fourth paragraph the writer gave some advice on ___________.
a. how to read faster 
b. how to guess the meaning from the context
c. how to look up new words in the dictionary
d. how to grasp the general meaning of a passage
5. “to kill two birds with one stone” means ___________.
a. to get some particular knowledge b. to get more than what one pays
c. the stone is too big d. the birds are blind enough

(7)
 february 14th, valentine’s day, is a complicated but interesting occasion. first of all, valentine’s day is not a holiday from work. no one gets a day off. in many countries it is observed by sending cards to your friends and candy or flowers to your husband or wife if you’re married, or to your boy friend or girl friend if you’re not married. in japan, some girls even give their fathers chocolates.
 why is this holiday for people in love called valentine’s day?
 one explanation comes from a christian man whose name was something like“valentine”. he lived at a time when the roman emperor refused to allow any roman soldiers to get married for any reason. many couples came to valentine to be married. so he would secretly marry them in a christian ceremony. he was discovered and put in prison by the emperor. one tradition says that he wrote notes to his friends by marking on leaves and then throwing them out of the window of his prison. the leaves were shaped like a heart. valentine was killed on february 14th and valentine’s day recalls his tragic death.
 on valentine’s day, american elementary school children make or buy valentine cards, write the name of a classmate on them, and take them to school and put them in a special valentine’s day box. and then on that day the box is opened, the cards are taken out and given out.
1. which of the following is true about valentine’s day?
a. it is observed by sending flowers to one’s husband or wife.
b. children in japan give their fathers chocolates.
c. it is a legal holiday in many countries.
d. people send candy to each other.
2. the man called valentine was put in prison because ________.
a. he secretly got married in a christian ceremony
b. he helped people get married when love was not allowed12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
c. he helped roman soldiers get married
d. he wanted to kill the roman emperor
3. so he would secretly marry them in a christian ceremony. “marry” is closest in meaning to ________.
a. which priest is going to marry them?
b. she has married off all her daughters.
c. i’m glad hubert married a girl of spirit.
d. at present she doesn’t intend to marry at all.
4. people celebrate valentine’s day _________.
a. to take a day off b. in memory of valentine c. c. to show their love d. both b and c
5. american school children don’t _______ on valentine’s day.
a. buy valentine cards 
b. make cards for their teachers
c. give each other valentine cards 
d. put their cards in a valentine’s day box

(8)
 many people go to school for an education. they learn languages, history, politics, geography, physics, chemistry and mathematics. others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. school education is very important and useful. yet, no one can learn everything from school. a teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. the teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn. he teaches them how to read and how to think. so, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves.
 it is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to memorize some facts or a formula. it is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. but it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem. great scientists before us didn’t get everything from school. their teachers only showed them the way. edison didn’t even finish primary school. but they were all so successful. they invented so many things for mankind. the reason for their success is that they knew how to study. they read books that were not taught at school. they would ask many questions as they read. they did thousands of experiments. they worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. above all, they knew how to use their brain.
1. people go to school to _________.
a. learn several subjects b. make a living 
c. get an education d. learn from teachers
2. according to the passage, the most important thing a teacher should do is _________.
a. to teacher his students everything he knows
b. to know everything
c. to teach the students how to think
d. to teach the students how to study by themselves
3. to work out a math problem, you need to know _________.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
a. only a certain formula b. more than one formula 
c. some facts  d. the method to solve it
4. why were many scientists so successful?
a. they received good education. 
b. they were very clever.
c. they knew how to learn. 
d. they learned lots of facts and formulas.
5. how did great scientists study?
a. they read a lot of books and asked many questions while reading.
b. they did thousands of experiments.
c. they always worked hard and never wasted time.
d. all of the above.

(9)
the customs in different countries are rather different. if i have dinner with a chinese host, he always puts more food onto my plates as soon as i have emptied them. it often discomforts me greatly. i have to eat the food even if i don’t want to, because it is considered bad manners in the west to leave one’s food on the plate. i have already noticed that when a chinese sits at an american’s dinner party, he very often refuses the offer of food or drink though he is in fact still hungry or thirsty. this might be good manners in china, but it is not in the west at all. in the us it is impolite to keep asking someone again and again or insist on him accepting something. americans have a direct way of speaking. if they want something, they will ask for it. if not, they will say “no, thanks”. when an american is fed with beer by the host, for example, he might say, “no, thanks, i’ll take some diet. pepsy–cola if you have it.” that is what an american will do. so when you go to the us, you had better remember the famous saying, “when in rome, do as the romans do”.
1. from the passage, we know that the chinese are usually _______ to the guests.
  a. eager to give all they have    b. polite
  c. impolite        d. cold
2. when a foreigner has dinner with a chinese host, he often feels _________.
  a. pleasant   b. uncomfortable  c. satisfied  d. happy
3. why does a chinese often refuse the offer of food or drink at a dinner party? because _______.
  a. he has had enough      b. he is shy
  c. he is afraid that others will laugh at him d. he thinks it’s polite to do that
4. when an american wants something to eat or drink at dinner, he will _________.
  a. go and take it himself     b. refuse the hosts offer
  c. ask for it directly      d. ask another to fetch it for him12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
5. “when in rome, do as the romans do.” means ________.
  a. when you get to rome, you should act as the romans do
  b. when you stay in rome, you should do as the romans do
  c. when you are in a new country, you should do as the natives do
  d. romans can be example for you

(10)
 when we can see well, we don’t think about our eyes very often. it is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.
 people who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing, reading and sewing, become nearsighted. then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.
 people who are farsighted suffer from just the opposite problem. they can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. if they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.
 other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. this, too, can be corrected by glasses. some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts（白内障）. long ago these people often became blind. now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
 when night falls, colours become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. after your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the sides of your eyes rather than the centers. sometimes, after dark, you can see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. this is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. when they turn to look straight at it, they can’t see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. however, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.
1. we don’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ___.
a. we think about our eyes b. we cannot see clearly 
c. we wear glasses d. we have to do much reading
2. according to the passage, a _________ is more likely to be nearsighted than the average person.
a. tailor b. doctor c. guard d. driver
3. those who suffer from cataracts _________.
a. will become blind b. can’t be cured 
c. may be cured  d. must move to other places12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
4. people who are farsighted _________.
a. cannot do a lot of close work without glasses
b. can only see things that are very close to their eyes
c. have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm’s length
d. have the same problem as the nearsighted people
5. to see a small thing at night, it is better to look _________.
a. with wide open eyes b. with half-shut or narrow eyes 
c. straight at it  d. in a slightly different direction

(11)
　　hi, dear boys and girls! do you know how to be a healthy kid? here are some rules you should follow.
 　　first, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. you may have a favourite food, but you"d better eat something different, if you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients (营养物质) your body needs.
 　　second, drink water and milk as often as possible. when you"re really thirsty, cold water is the no.l choice (选择). milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium (钙) your body needs to grow strong bones (骨头).
 　　third, listen to your body. how do you feel when you are full? when you are eating, notice how your body feels and when your stomach (胃) feels comfortably full. eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.
 　　fourth, limit (限制) screen time. screen time is the time you watch tv, dvds and videos, or using computers. it is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. you can"t watch tv for more than two hours a day.
 　　fifth, be active. one thing you"d like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. find ways to be active every day.
 　　follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.
 1. you should eat different foods especially ___.
 　　a. meat 　　b. hamburgers　　 c. sweets 　　　　d. fruit and vegetables　
 2. which kind of drinks can give you more calcium?
 　　a. juice　　b. milk　　　　　 c. cold water　　 d.tea
 3. according to the passage, you should follow　＿＿rules if you want to be healthy.
 　　a. five　　 b. nine　　　　　 c. fifteen　　　　d. thirteen
 4. according to the passage, which of the following is true?
 　　a. when you"re eating, you don"t have to notice how your body feels.
 　　b. you can eat your favourite food as much as possible.
 　　c. you can watch tv whenever you like to get more information.
 　　d. we should try to live in an active way in our life.
 5. which is the best title for the passage? 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
 　　a. how to make yourself important
 　　b. how to be a healthy kid
 　　c. how to be a popular kid
 　　d. how to make your parents healthy
 
(12)　　
a 12-man chinese team landed on the antarctic icecap(南极冰盖最高点) peak on january 18. they are the first people to reach the peak of dome a (海穹a). it is 4,039 meters above sea level (海拔).
    the team built a station there to study the changes of the weather, get ice samples (标本) from 150 meters to 200 meters below, and do other studies. so far, the team has got nearly 100-meter long ice samples from a place about 300 meters under the icecap peak.
 　　it is the first time that people have been able to get samples from the icecap peak in antarctica and it is very important for people to study the weather changes and environmental changes in this area(地区).
 　　the chinese scientists have also built a weather study system (系统) at the peak. the system can send out information about temperature, how strong the wind is, and many other things about the weather.
 　　the antarctic icecap makes up 70% of the earth"s freshwater (淡水). by studying dome a, scientists can get the lowest temperature of the earth and other information about the world"s weather changes. we can"t get this information from other places on the earth because dome a is the best place for this kind of studies. so it is very important to land on the peak of dome a.
1. how many chinese first landed on the antarctic icecap peak?
  　　a. 18 　　　　b. 12 　　　　c.150 　　　　d.200
2. the team has got about 100-meter long ice samples ___.
 　　a. from 150 meters to 200 meters below
 　　b. from a place about 300 meters below
 　　c. from 200 meters to 250 meters below
 　　d. from a place about 150 meters below
3.they built a weather study system to get ___.
 　　a. the earth"s freshwater　　　　　b. ice samples from the peak
 　　c. information about the weather 　d. the news about other countries
4. choose thy right order (顺序) according to this passage.
 　　① they built a station to study the changes of the weather.
 　　② a cliinese team landed on the antarctic icecap peak.
 　　③ the chinese scientists built a weather study system.
 　　④ they got ice samples from the icecap peak.
 　　a.②①④③ 　　　b.②①③④ 　　　c.③②①④ 　　　d.②③④①
5. from this passage, we can infer (推断): after the chinese team landed on the antarctic icecap peak, ___. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
 　　a. we can go there for holidays
 　　b. the world"s weather must be better and better
 　　c. the peak will be the best place for people to live in
 　　d. our country will do better in the world"s weather research

(13)
the total area of land on earth is estimated(估计) as 149 million square kilometres, or about 29 percent of the total area of the earth.   
   the mean(平均) height of the land is about 750 meters above the sea level.
   the eurasian(欧亚的) land mass is the largest with an area of 54,527,000 square kilometres. the smallest continent is the australian mainland, with an area of about 7,614,600 square kilometres, which together with tasmania, new zealand, new guinea and the pacific islands, is described as oceania(大洋州). the total area of oceania is about 8,935,500 square kilometres, including west iran which is in asia.
   the world’s largest peninsula(半岛) is arabian, with an area of about 3,327,500 square kilometres. the largest island in the world is greenland, with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometres. the largest island surrounded(环绕) by fresh water is liha de maraja(4,022 square kilometres) in the mouth of the amazon river, brazil. the largest island in a lake is manitoulin island(2,766 square kilometres) in the canadian section of the lake huron. this island itself has on it a lake of 106 square kilometres called manitou lake, in which there are several island.
1. oceania is made up of ______.
  a. tasmania and new zealand                  b. australia 
c. new guinea and the pacific islands            d. all of the above
2. the largest island surrounded by fresh water, which has an area of 4,022 square kilometres, is in ______.
  a. a river              b. a lake              c. a sea            d. an ocean
3. lake huron lies ______.
  a. in canada           b. near to canada       c. partly in canada   d. in brazil
4. which of the following diagrams shows the correct relation ship between manitoulin island (mi), lake huron (lh), manitou lake (ml), and the “several islands”(sl) mentioned at the end of the passage?12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
 

(14)
mark hartmann is in the third grade, but he cannot read or write. he makes loud sounds from his chair and waves his hands around his head all the time. he cannot listen for more than two minutes at a time. sometimes, he hits the other children. sometimes, he also hits his teacher. 
mark hartmann has autism(孤独症). his brain cannot organize(组织) and manage information clearly. he does not understand the world or the people around him.
the school principal(校长) says that the other children lose two much learning time when mark is in their classroom. she thinks mark can get a better education at a special program nearby. there, teachers know how to take care of students with autism.
but mark’s parents do not want him to go there. in fact, a law was made in 1988. it says that students with disabilities(残疾) can be in regular(正常的) classes. this gives them the same chances for success as everyone else.
the hartmann used to live in chicago. mark went to regular classes there. mark had help from some special teachers, and the program was very good for him. “he was part of the school,” mrs. hartmann told reporters. “he also learned to hold hands with some of the children in his class.”
answer the questions.
1. how does mark act in the classroom?
  a. he cannot pay attention very well.
  b. he shouts from his chair.
  c. he hits other children.
  d. all of the above
2. paragraph 2 explains ______.
  a. autism  b. mark’s idea  c. mark’s school life
3. the 1988 law says that disabled students can have ______.
a. more chances than everyone else
b. fewer chances than everyone else
c. the same chances as everyone else
d. different chances from everyone else
5. what is good about the “special program” nearby?
  a. the teachers there know more about autism.
  b. it is close to mark’s home.
  c. mark likes the program.

(15)
trees are useful to men in three important ways: they provide them with wood and other products (产品), they give them shade (树荫), and they help to prevent drought and floods.
unfortunately,  in many parts of the world, men have not realized (功能) is the most important. in their eagerness (渴望) to make money form trees, some people have cut trees down in large numbers, only to find that without them they have lost the best friends they had. and besides (此外), they are usually too careless to plant and look after new trees, so the forests slowly disappear.
this doesn’t only mean that men will have fewer trees. the results are even more serious: where there are trees, their roots (根) break up soil—allowing the rain to sink in and also bind (固定) the soil, thus (因而) preventing it from being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the rain falls and carrying away the rich top—soil. when all the top—soil is gone, nothing remains (剩下) but worthless desert.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
1. the most important service of trees to men is ____.
a. they give people wood and other products
b. they give people shade and cool
c. they help people prevent drought and floods
d. they help people make money
2. what does “unfortunately” mean in chinese?
 a. 不可能的   b. 不幸的   c. 不经常的   d. 不固定的
3. land becomes desert after all trees arte cut down, because ____.
a. there is too much rain
b. there are no more trees to keep the rich top—soil from being carried away by floods
c. there is a strong wind
d. roots of trees break up the soil
4. people cut down many trees because ____.
a. they wanted to get wood from them
b. they wanted to get money from them
c. they didn’t realize the importance of them
d. all the above
5. which of the following is not true?
a. tree roots can make the top—soil rich and the ground hard.
b. trees can make the rain sink into the ground.
c. trees can prevent drought and floods.
d. tree roots can break up soil.

section four
answer the following questions according to the passage.
(1)
i have been in england for 3 months now. i hope you don’t think i’ve forgotten you. there are so many places to see and so many things to do that i’ve not had much time for writing letters.
i shall soon be starting my studies at king’s college. so far i’ve been learning about england and british ways of living. i won’t tell you about london. there are plenty of books you can read and lots of pictures you can look at. i’m sure you’ll be more interested to know what i think about life here.
    i find some of the customs(习俗) new and interesting. people here do not shake hands as much as we do in the european continent. during the first weeks i was often surprised because people did not put out their hands when i met them. men raise their hats to women but not to each other.
1. who do you think wrote the letter, an american, a british or a french?

2. what did the writer of the letter go to london for?

3. why didn’t the writer reply soon after he arrived?

4. british people don’t shake hands as often as european people, do they?

5. are women respected(受尊敬) by men in britain?

(2)
the clock struck (敲) eight, but i was still on the bed. i could hear it was blowing strongly. “it must be windy outside,” i thought.
i came to the small town a week ago. i sold some clothes to a shop. christmas was coming and i hoped to buy some presents for my family and friends. so i tried to meet the manager and ask him to pay for them. i was out of luck. he went to london and i had to wait for him here. there was no theatre here but a cinema. the films were all too old. i preferred staying in the small hotel to sitting in the cold cinema.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
half an hour later, i felt hungry. i had to get up. it was white everywhere and some children were skiing down the hill. on my way to the small restaurant, i saw a boy fall onto a rock (岩石). i ran to him quickly and carried him to a hospital. soon his parents came here. now i knew the boy was just the manager’s son. he thanked me very much and gave me the money after we had a dinner.
1. what was the weather like today?
_______________________________________
2. what did the writer come to the town for?
_______________________________________
3. why did the writer prefer staying in the hotel?
_______________________________________
4. when did the writer get up?
______________________________________
5. why did the manger thank the writer?
______________________________________

(3)
there lived a lawyer (律师) in a town. the lawyer was very clever but stingy (吝啬的). people all knew that the lawyer never paid others when he asked others to do something from him.
one day the lawyer’s wife was badly ill. the lawyer asked a doctor for help. the doctor was ready to come to see the sick woman and try his best to cure her. but the doctor stopped before he went into the lawyer’s house, for the doctor knew that very often the lawyer did not pay others. the doctor said to the lawyer, “but if i cure your wife, i’m afraid you will not pay me.”
“sir,” answered the lawyer, “here i have a lot of money. whether you cure or kill my wife, i’ll give you some money.”
the doctor was glad to hear that and went into the house. the woman was dying. the doctor tried everything possible to save her, but still she died in the end. he told the lawyer he was very sorry, and then asked for pay. “did you kill my wife?” asked the lawyer. “of course i didn’t,” said the doctor. “well, did you cure my wife?” the lawyer asked again. “you know that was impossible,” answered the doctor.
“well then, since you didn’t kill or cure her, i have nothing to pay you.”
1. did the lawyer pay others any money when he asked them to do something?
  ____________________________________
2. what kind of person was the doctor?
  ____________________________________
3. why did the doctor agree to cure the lawyer’s wife?
  ____________________________________
4. what happened to the lawyer’s wife?
  _____________________________________
5. did the doctor get any money from the lawyer in the end?
  _____________________________________

(4)
is it possible to send messages to someone anywhere in the world without putting a stamp on it? it’s easy to do so. using computers you can send e-mail quickly and easily. if you have an e-mail address, you can write, send and receive messages.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
    e-mail is the most inexpensive way to communicate. you can send message at any time of day or night to people all over the world without paying for a long-distance call. many companies use e-mail for people in their office or in other office to communicate with one another. you can send the same message to fifty people or more. it doesn’t matter if your friends are in bed when you send e-mail to them, or you are seeing a film at the cinema when they send e-mail back. many schools and universities give e-mail address to their students. e-mail addresses are becoming as common as phone numbers, but it can also make our lives more complicated.
1. what do you need to send and receive e-mail?
 _______________________________________
2. which is cheaper and faster to send messages, by e-mail or by post?
 ___________________________________________
3. when and where can e-mail be sent?
 ______________________________
4. you can’t get any e-mails when you are out, can you?
 ___________________________________________
5. do you think it’s helpful to use e-mail or not? why?
 __________________________________________

(5)
in the time it takes you to read this sentence, the population of the world will have grown by ten people. that may not sound much, but it is 9,000 people in an hour, 1.5 million a week, or 79 million a year. that is the same as adding most of the population of germany to the world every year.
   most of these new people were born in developing countries. these countries are found in much of africa, south america and parts of asia. in the developed countries of europe and north america, the population is growing very slowly. this is because women in these countries have, on average, only one or two children. in the developing countries, many women have five or more children. in 1950, around one quarter of the world’s population lived in the developed countries. by 2050, these countries will be home to only around one tenth of the world’s people.
   in the developing countries, more than one billion people already live below the poverty (贫困) line. these people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing; children get little or no time at school and people suffer (遭受痛苦) from many kinds of diseases.
   at the beginning of the 21st century, the world’s population was around six billion people. the un has said that the world’s population will level off at 12.5 billion people by the year 2100. other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow, reaching 14 billion people before it becomes stable (稳定的), or even falls.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
1. how many people are added to the world’s population an hour?
  __________________________________________________
2. developing countries can be found in what areas of the world?
  __________________________________________________
3. in 1950, what percentage of the world’s population lived in developing countries?
  __________________________________________________
4. what are examples that show people are living below the poverty line?
  __________________________________________________
5. there will be twelve and a half billion people on the earth in 2100 according to the un, won’t there?
  ___________________________________________________

(6)
many people don’t like to stay at home on holidays. they want to go out to see something different or do something exciting. so people from the country come to the city and people from the city go to the country for holidays. during the holidays, trains, buses and planes are all very busy. it’s very hard to buy train tickets or air tickets. many people take cars or buses for traveling.
last may day, my family went to the country by car for our holiday. there was too much traffic on the road. so we had to move very slowly. it took us about an hour to get out of the town. after some time, we came to a hill. it was green and beautiful. we thought this was a good place for a picnic. so we stopped and took the food, fruit and drink out of the car. we sat down and began to eat. suddenly a strong wind blew and soon it started to rain. we had to run back to our car and have our picnic in the car. then we drove back home. what a sad trip!
1. why do peoples on holidays?
  ____________________________________
2. what often happens on holidays?
 _____________________________________
3. why is it hard to buy train tickets or air tickets?
 _____________________________________
4. where did the family go last may day?
 _____________________________________
5. did they have a good trip? why or why not?
 _____________________________________

(7)
as the internet gets more and more popular in china, bill gates and his microsoft have become well-known to the chinese young people. but few people know michael dell, another wizard(天才) of the information age.
 dell, 39, is head of dell computer, the second largest pc company in the united states. his company was able to defeat larger competitors(对手) and sell the computers at lower prices because they didn’t use the distributors(批发商).
while he was a first-year student at the university of texas, dell used $1,000 to start a business selling computer accessories(配件). he would buy parts, put them together into upgraded personal computers and sell them directly to customers(顾客). he succeeded by keeping his mind firmly on doing business instead of making money. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
dell sometimes returned to the university to speak to business students. one of them asked the young billionaire(亿万富翁) why he still kept working.
 “you’ve got so much money, ”he said. “why don’t you just sell out, and buy a boat and sail off to the caribbean?”
dell looked at him and replied, “sailing is not that interesting. do you have any idea how much fun it is to run a billion-dollar company?”
1. when did dell begin his business?
2. why was dell computer able to sell personal computers at lower prices than its bigger competitors?
3. what does the underlined word “upgraded” mean in english or chinese?
4. is dell very interested in running a big computer company or making money?

(8)
coffee has been a part of people’s life for thousands of years, and today it is still a favourite drink of millions of people in the world. coffee is so popular, but do you know the story of coffee and how it was discovered?
    there is an old story that says coffee was discovered in africa long, long time ago. one day, a farmer was watching his goats, and he saw them eat some small berries from a plant. after they ate the berries, the goats became very active. the man often felt tired, so he decided to try the berries too. surprisingly, he did not feel tired any more. coffee plants were thus discovered. then coffee was taken from africa to arabia, and there it was first used as medicine. the arabs kept coffee a secret for many years. later, coffee came to turkey, then italy, then france. from europe, the coffee plant was taken to america. people found that coffee plants grew well in many parts of south america, so large coffee farms were started, and many coffee plants were grown. on these farms, coffee beans were picked from the plants by hand. then the beans were dried and prepared for market to sell. different coffee beans were mixed together to produce different kinds of coffee. coffee was sent to all over the world, and soon became very popular.
1. where did coffee come from?

2. who discovered it? how?

3. did coffee come to europe shortly after it was discovered?

4. what was coffee first used as in arabia?

5. why were large coffee farms started in south america?

6. how did people get coffee beans from the plants?

7. why did people mix different coffee beans together?

section five
task-based reading: finish off the tasks according to what you read.
(1)

actors and actresses 385－399 maps(colour) 517－528
museums 454－469 medical edfelopments 49212345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637

animals 493－496 holidays 841－873
art, famous 480－481 plants rivers 108－109,
114－115
highways 131－141 national parks 747－749
books, best sellers 476 countries 529－615
discoverires and inventions 336－338 passorts 142－144
environment 80－101 population 616－619
education 284－321 postal information 1033－1039
flags of the world(colour) 513－516 sports 884－978
1. you can find the information on elephants on pages _______________.
2. if you want to know more about chinese film star jackie chan, you should search with _______________ on pages 385-399.
3. one who likes surfing can find the information about to how to surf on pages _______________.
 a. 142-144       b. 841-873      c.      d. 517-528
4. if you are interested in thomas edison, you may search _______________.

(2)

new words: 1. familiar 熟悉的2. grocery store 副食商店3. regular 固定的 4. container 5. oz 是ounce（盎司）的缩写形式，1磅＝16盎司hj
1. the regular price of boneless barbecue is _______.
2. if you buy three pounds of chicken on sale, your total saving is _______.
3. suppose you need 2.5 pounds of strawberries to make ice cream and you will buy _______ containers. 
4. eight people are coming to your fourth of july picnic. if five ears of corn are $1, one ear costs _______.

(3)
what is bird flu? when birds, wild or domestic (家养的), catch a flu, they may pass the virus to each other. the most dangerous viruses can kill birds within hours. 
people may catch the disease when handling birds or their waste. scientists now worry that migratory wild birds might pass the disease to domestic birds. this could put more people in danger.
since XX, more than 120 people have caught bird flu in southeast asia. half of them have died.
in the past several weeks, china has reported three outbreaks (爆发) of bird flu that have killed 3,800 chickens, ducks and geese.

what is bird flu? it"s the flu caught by (1)_______ and can be (2)_______ to each other and people.
southeast asia (3)_______ people have caught bird flu.
china (4)_______ outbreaks there have killed (5)_______ domestic birds.

(4)
the picture below shows the temperature(℃) and the rainfall(mm) of guangzhou. the temperature is shown as a curve(曲线图), the rainfall is in columns(柱形图).

1. the rainfall in may is        mm.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
2. it’s colder in         than in any other month.
3. the hottest months are         and ¬¬¬¬_______.
4. _______ has the most rainfall.

(5)

1. li fang is a fan of kang ta, a __________ singer. she will go to his concert on september __________.
2. if uncle joe wants to listen to rock music, he may pay at least $ __________ to go to __________ concert.
3. if cui jian has a sore throat and he has to put off his concert, he can’t play his concert on the same _________ the next day because __________ will have a concert there.
4. wang hua likes s.h.e. very much. she will go to the three _________ concert in _________ at 7:30, september 23.
section one
(1) 1—5 eadfb
(2) 1－5 fceba
(3) 1—5 debaf
(4) 1－5 fbeda
(5) 1－5 ceadf
section two
(1) 1－5 tttff
(2) 1－5 tffft
(3) 1—5 ftftf
(4) 1－5 ttfft
(5) 1－5 tfftt
(6) 1－5 tfttf
(7) 1－4 tftf
(8) 1－5 tfttf
(9) 1¬－5 tftft
(10) 1－5 tfttf
section three
(1) 1—4 abdc
(2) 1－5 dcdab
(3) 1—5 ddbda
(4) 1－5 cbbdc
(5) 1—5 bcaba
(6) 1－5 dcdab
(7) 1－5 acadb
(8) 1－5 cddcd
(9)1－5 bbdcc
(10) 1－5 bacad
(11) 1－5 dbadb　　　　　
(12) 1－5 bbcad
(13) 1—4 dacd
(14) 1¬－4 daca
(15) 1—5 cbbda
section four
(1) 1. a french. 2. he went to london to study. 3. because he was too busy to write back.
4. no, they don’t. 5. yes, they are.
(2) 1. it was a windy day today.
2. he came to the town to ask the manager to pay for the clothes.
3. because it was a little warmer there.
4. he got up at half past eight.
5. because the writer saved his son.
(3) 1. no, never.     
2. he was kind.  
3. because the doctor thought the lawyer would give him money.
4. she died.        
5. no. the doctor didn’t get any money from the lawyer.
(4) 1. a computer and e-mail address.
2. by e-mail.
3. any time and anywhere.
4. yes, i can.
5. i think it’s helpful. because it’s the cheapest way to communicate.
 (5) 1. about 14,000 people. 
2. they can be found in africa, south america and parts of asia.
3. seventy-five percent/75%. 
4. not having enough food; living in poor housing; suffering from many kinds of diseases; getting little education. (答对其中两点即可) 
5. yes, there will.
(6) 1. because they want to go out to see something different or do something exciting.
2. it’s hard to buy train tickets or air tickets.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
3. because many people want to go out.
4. the family went to the country.
5. no, they didn’t. because it rained suddenly.
(7) 1. shortly after he entered the university.
2. because he sold computers directly to customers.
3. it means “improved”/ “改良的/升级的”.
4. he is very interested in running a big company.
(8) 1. it came from america.
2. a farmer discovered it. one day, when the farmer was watching his goats, he saw them eat some small berries, and then goats became very active. the man often felt tired, so he decide to try the berries too. surprisingly, he did not feel tired any more. in this way he discovered coffee.
3. no, it didn’t.
4. it was used as medicine in arabia.
5. because people found that coffee plants grew well in many parts of south america.
6. first coffee beans were picked from plants by hand. then the beans were dried and prepared for market to sell.
7. because people can produce different kinds of coffee by mixing.
section five
(1) 1. 493－496 2. actors and actresses 3. 884-978 4. discoveries and inventions
(2) 1. $3.49 lb 2. $2.22 3. 3 4. 20 cents
(3)1. birds  2. passed  3. more than 120  4. three  5. 3,800
(4) 1. 300 2. december 3. june, july 4. june.
(5) 1. korean/popular, 25th 2. 22, cun jian’s 3. gymnasium/gym, kang ta 4. girls’, worker’s stadium 

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