[fitforce]FitforLife

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module 7 unit 2 fit for life
新课标单词
historian  n. 历史学家    recipe  n. 处方；食谱，菜谱   physician  n. 医生，内科医师
bark  n. 树皮；（狗）叫，吠  vi. （狗）叫，吠      chemist  n. 药剂师；化学家
trial  n. 试用；试验；考验      tablet  n. 药片；写字板，书写板
standardize  vt. 使符合标准，使标准化      best-selling  adj. 畅销的
painkiller  n. 止痛药，镇痛剂    author  n. 作者     heart attack 心脏病发作
thin  vt. & vi. （使）变稀，（使）变薄，（使）变淡；（使）变细
block  vt. 阻塞，阻挡；妨碍    length  n. 长度  contemporary  adj. 当代的；同时代的
scottish  adj. 苏格兰的    note  vt. 发现，注意到；记录   transparent  adj. 透明的
application  n. 应用，运用；申请    name  vt. 命名，给……取名
unable  adj. 不能的，不会的    chemical  adj. 化学的   purify  vt. 使纯净，净化，提纯
quantity  n. 量，数量      widespread  adj. 普遍的，普及的，广泛的   lung  n. 肺
mass  adj. 批量的，大量的，大规模的；群众的，民众的
n. 团，块，堆；较大部分，主体部分；体积，大小，群众，人群
rapidly  adv. 迅速地，快速地      powerful  adj. 效力大的，强效的
wonder  adj. 非凡的，奇妙的，奇特的，神奇的  
n. 奇迹，神奇；奇观；惊奇，惊讶
millions of 数百万的，大量的   relief  n. 减轻，缓解；轻松，宽慰；救济，救助
potential  adj. 潜在的，可能的      enquiry  n. 询问，咨询    ward  n. 病房
fundamental  adj. 基础的，根本的；重要的，至关重要的
handful  n. 少数，少量；一把       annual  adj. 每年的，一年一次的
arrangement  n. 安排；排列        receptionist  n. 接待员，招待员
pleasure  n. 愉快，快乐；乐事   eyesight  n. 视力    adjustable  adj. 可调节的
magic  adj. 有魔力的，不可思议的，魔术的   needle  n. 针    art  n. 技艺，技术
sharp-edged  adj. 有锋利边缘的   swollen  adj. 肿胀的  arrowhead  n. 箭头；箭头状物
sharp  adj. 锋利的锐利的；尖的；突然的，急转向的；尖刻的，辛辣的；灵敏的，敏锐的
fine  adj. 细的，纤细的      point  n. 点，位置；尖端；要点；分数12345678
insert  vt. 插入；嵌入    symptom  n. 症状     function  n. 功能，作用 
heartbeat  n. 心跳      addiction  n. 上瘾，沉溺，入迷     overeating  n. 过量饮食
relieve  vt. 减轻（病痛、忧虑、负担等），缓解；救济，救助   unclear  adj. 不清楚的
课文出现短语
1. keep us healthy    2. open up  3. carry out   4. give up   5. come true  6. figure out 
7. go wrong   8. put off    9. put up with   10. make out   11. call back  12. look out for
13. at certain points       14. find out         15. if so    16. recommend doing 
17. in contemporary society      18. in large quantities         19. trun into
20. be fundamental to (doing)    21. a disease called malaria      22. look into
23. look down upon     24. put through      25. come up     26. remind sb to do
27. be based on    28. block from doing    29. focus on       30. reduce the risk of
31. try out     32. due to      33. in addition to      34. have an influence on
35. leave behind       36. ask for      37. set up      38. put off
39. take measures to do       40. let … out of      41. be connected with

一．单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. a p____________ is a person who has general skills to treat physical problems.
2. penicillin was d___________ in the mould that grew on a special transparent jelly.
3. he is the a__________ whose books are best-selling this year.
4. stoke is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain b_____ suddenly
 or are b___________.
5. aspirin can reduce the risk of heart attacks by t__________ blood.
6. he tried to apply for the patent. but his a___________ was not accepted at all.
7. overeating makes him ___________ (不能) to live a normal life.
8. in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a t__________ __________ (含有) 500mg of asa. 12345678
9. his report was _____(忽视) at first but later was i________(证实) very powerful in this field.
10. they realized there was some __________ (潜在的) danger behind the case.
11. there is a high _____________ (可能性) that the murderer just hid in the hill.
12. i’ll put you through to the ______(接待员) and she can take down your __________ (详情).
二．词形转换
1. history n.---______ (adj.)---____(n. 人)    2. standard n.--_________ (vt.)
3. able adj.---_________ (反)       4. purify v.--_______(n.)---_______ (adj.)
5. relief n.---_______ (v.)      6. enquire v.---_________ (n.)
7. annual adj. ---________(adv.)     8. adjust v.---__________ (adj.)
9. addiction n. ---________(adj.)     10. surgical adj.---_______ (n.)
三．句型结构
1. if you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin. (p18) 倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜,都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。
open up    probability   probable
注意比较：
probable: adj. 很可能的，与likely意思相近，有时可以互换；possible的语气稍弱。
他们各自的句型如下：
it’s probable/possible for sb. to do sth.
it’s probable/possible that…   it’s likely that…    sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 
2. … but in fact, 3,500 years ago, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. (p18) 但事实上,早在3,5XX年前就有一些药方建议人们饮用一种由特殊植物的干叶制成的茶来减轻身体的病痛。
recommend    recommended  adj.    recommendation [c or u]   make…from…
相关短语:
make…of…/be made of…        earrings are made of gold
make…into…/be made from      wood can be made into tables.
make up/be made up of…        eleven players make up the football team.
the football team is made up of eleven players.
3. the first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. (p18) 1899年, 该药品第一次进行实验, 当时, 霍夫曼供职的公司开始将该药以粉末形式提供给医师, 让他们用于病人。
trial      trial and error
occur: to happen:
an accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.
occur to sb. phrasal verb12345678
the thought did occur to me.
[+ that] it never even occurred to us that he hadn"t been invited.
violence of some sort seems to occur in every society.
in…form=in the form of…
the lawn was laid out in the form of the figure eight.
4. a year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500 milligrams of asa. (p18) 一年以后，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售，每片含有200毫克的乙酰水杨酸。
contain
注意比较:
include  v. [t] to contain sth. as a part of sth. else, or to make sth. part of sth. else:
the book contains 40 maps, including a map of china.
the bill includes tax and service.
tax and service are included in the bill.
5. lawrence craven, a doctor from the usa, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood. (p18) 美国的一位医生劳伦斯•克雷文发表了好几篇报告，其中1953年的一篇报告提出了阿司匹林可以稀释血液。
thin  adj. (thinner, thinnest) having a small distance between two opposite sides:
a thin book     thin black lines    a thin jacket    a thin soup
v. [t] to make a substance less thick, often by adding a liquid to it:
thin the sauce down with a little stock.
6. … and in 1977, a study carried out in the usa showed that the chemical asa in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. (p18) 1977年，美国的一项研究证明，阿司匹林中的化学物质乙酰水杨酸能预防中风。中风是由于大脑血管爆裂或梗塞而产生的一种突发疾病。
block
n. [c] 1) a block of wood/ice   2) a block of tickets/seats/shares
3) an office block        4) the museum is just six blocks away.
my friend and i live on the same block.     5) i took a walk around the block.
6)a block in (= an object blocking)
v. [t] a fallen tree is blocking the road.
my view was blocked by a tall man in front of me.
she was very talented and i felt her parents were blocking her progress.
7. in 1999, aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives. (p19) 到1999年，阿司匹林已有1XX年的历史，然而关于它如何帮助延长人类寿命方面还有更多的发现。
length
n. 1) [c or u] the boat is ten metres in length.
the length of the bay is approximately 200 miles.
2) [c] a length of rope        3) [c] the amount of time sth. takes:12345678
the length of a film/speech/play      keep sb. at arm"s length
at length   1) for a long time:  george went on at great length about his various illnesses.
2) formal if sth. happens at length, it happens after a long period of time:
at length, the authorities allowed her to go home.
8. he noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. (p19)  他注意到，带有细菌的一种特殊的，透明的果子冻上长起了霉。
note
v.   n. [u] formal
there was nothing of note in the latest report.
noted  adj.  summer hill school is noted for its progressive policies.
she"s not noted for her patience (= she is not a patient person).
9. it was not until world war ii that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. (p19)直到二战另外两个科学家才设法使用新的化学方法来净化它。
it was not until that… 这是一个not… until…结构的强调句型。
强调句型的结构为：it is/was +被强调部分+that…
高考链接
1. it was not until she got home _______ jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (XX全国ii)
a. when   b. that   c. where   d. before
2. it was after he got what he had desired _______ he realized it was not so important. (XX辽宁)
a. that   b. when   c. since   d. as
10. he named the chemical found in the mould penicillin and tried to make it pure to be a medicine, but was unable to do that. (p19) 他把霉里的化学物质命名为青霉素并尽力提纯该物质以便制药，但没能做成。
name
v.   n. [c] please write your full (= complete) name and address on the form.
the students were listed by name and by country of origin.
pure  adj.  a pure cotton shirt
note: the opposite is impure.
purify   v. [t]  plants help to purify the air.
one of the functions of the kidneys is to purify the blood.
unable   adj. we were unable to contact him at the time.
11. they were able to produce it in large quantities. (p19) 他们能够大量地生产它。
able  adj.   will she be able to cope with the work?
he"s never been able to admit to his mistakes.
ability (power)     n. [c or u]
there"s no doubting her ability.
she"s a woman of considerable abilities.
1. be able to 不可以和can/could连用，可以和may/might连用；
2. could表示过去存在的状态，而was/were able to表示过去发生的动作。
for example: he could swim at 10 and once he was able to swim across the river.
quantity  n. [c or u] we consumed vast quantities of food and drink that night.12345678
the (sheer) quantity (= large amount) of equipment needed for the trip is staggering.
表示“许多”的词或短语如下：
(1) 修饰可数名词的：many, a great/good many, quite a few,
 a large/great number of/numbers of, many a
(2) 修饰不可数名词的：much, a great deal of, a large amount of/large amounts of
(3) 既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数名词的：a lot of/lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of/large quantities of, a mass of, masses of
高考链接
we always keep _______ spare paper, in case we ran out. (XX浙江)
a. too much   b. a number   c. plenty of   d. a good many
12. if penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. (p19) 如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于由细菌引起的疾病。
available  adj.   is this dress available in a larger size?
there"s no money available for an office party this year.
[+ to infinitive] i"m afraid i"m not available to help with the show on the 19th.
die  v. [i] (dying, died, died)   twelve people died in the accident.
it is a brave person who will die for their beliefs.
die相关短语:
die from： 死于（外因）                    die of： 死于（疾病，饥饿，严寒等内因）
die away： （声音等的）消逝                    die down： （火势，怒气等的）平息
die out： （风俗习惯，物种等的）灭绝，消失      die off： 相继死去直至死光
die for：为…而死；渴望得到…
13. penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia, an illness that affects the lungs. (p19) 青霉素也用于治疗其他的疾病,其中包括肺炎,这是一种侵袭肺部的疾病.
affect  v. [t]  both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
the divorce affected every aspect of her life.
it"s a disease which affects mainly older people.
14. in 1945, all the three scientists, fleming, florey and chain, shared the nobel prize in physiology or medicine for their work, and penicillin rapidly became the powerful ‘wonder drug’ which saved millions of lives. (p19) 由于弗莱明, 弗洛里和钱恩的贡献, 1945年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖的生理学或医药学奖, 而青霉素因挽救了数百万人的生命, 很快成为一种强大的“神奇药品”。
share  v. 1) [i or t]   bill and i shared an office for years.
i share a house with four other people.
2) [i or t]  will you share your sandwich with me?
3) [i or t]   shall we share the driving?12345678
4) [i or t]  we share an interest in sailing.
i don"t share your views/beliefs.
dozens of: 一打一打的    scores of: 许多    hundreds of: 数以百万计的
thousands of: 数以千计的   millions of: 数以百万计的
note: 这些词前面加数词后面不能加-s,如: two dozen等.
15. it has saved and brought relief to millions of people’s lives. (p21) 它拯救了许多人的性命,减轻了许多人的痛苦.
relief  n. [c or u] an international relief operation
acupuncture anaesthesia brought relief to the patient.
relieve   v. [t] 1) emergency food aid to help relieve the famine
             2) i"m on duty until 2 p.m. and then peter is coming to relieve me.
16. it was fundamental to saving many thousands of lives and is one of the most important medicines of contemporary society. (p21)它对于拯救许多人的性命是很重要的,并且它是当代社会最重要的药物之一.
fundamental  adj.
we need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
fundamentally  adv.
our new managing director has reorganized the company a bit, but nothing has fundamentally changed/altered (= its basic character has not changed).
i still believe that people are fundamentally (= in a basic and important way) good
四.完成句子
1、到目前为止，这种新药还未进行人体试验(try out)
____ ____ _____, the new drug hasn’t been _____ _______on humans yet.
2、他缺少经验，不能胜任这项工作(unable)
he ____ ______to do the job _____ _______ _____experience.
3、他们意识到，由于粗心大意所产生的这个错误的严重性(due to)
 they______ _______ that the mistake _____ ______ carelessness was serious.
4、倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜，都很可能找到这两种药(probability)
 if you _____ ____ any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a _____ _______ that you will
find this two kinds of medicines.
5、许多人认为这种药是当代社会中最重要的药物之一(consider)
 this kind of medicine __ __ ___ many to be one of the most important medicines in the society.
五．翻译句子
1.如果我们需要做手术的话, 就使用一个特殊的被成为手术室的房间.
2.我本来以为他很出名，但我的朋友都没曾听说过他。
3.我们教育学生在读书的时候拿书离他们的眼睛至少有30厘米的距离。
4.昨晚他工作到深夜，今天他很可能会上班迟到。
5.过去的20年中，这个乡村发生了很大变化
6.据说青霉素能希释血液，帮助减少心脏病的危机。
7.他们建议喝点用特别的树叶所制成的茶叶。
8.当你在网上收集信息的时候，你最好是注明来源。
9.老师们已经被训练来留意可能有视力问题的学生。
10.警察似乎很确信他们能找到对这次袭击负责的人。
参考答案12345678
一．单词应用
1. physician       2. discovered     3. author       4.  burst, blocked    5. thinning   
6. application     7. unable       8. tablet, containing     9. ignored/overlooked, identified     10. potential      11. probability     12. receptionist, details     
二．词形转换
1.historical  historian      2. standardize      3. unable     4. purity  pure   5. relieve 
6. enquiry     7. annually     8. adjustable     9. addictive     10. surgery
四．完成句子
1．up to now;  tried out    2. is unable; for lack of    3. were aware; due to 
4. open up; high probability     5. is considered by; contemporary
五．翻译句子
1. if we need an operation, a special room called an operating theatre is used.
2. i thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ever heard of her.
3. we teach students to hold a book at least 30 cm away from their eyes while reading.
4. he worked deep into night last night. there is a probability that he will be late for work today.
5. great change have taken place in the rural areas in the past two decades.
6. it is reported that aspirin can thin blood and help reduce the risk of heart attacks
7. they recommended drinking some tea made from the barks of special trees.
8. when you search for information on the internet, you’d better note its sources.
9. teachers have been trained to look out for students who may be having eyesight problems.
10. the police seem certain (that) they will find the people responsible for the attack.
 

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