高考英语知识点归纳_高考英语单元知识点复习Unit8

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XX高考英语一轮教学案大纲版

unit 8
理解：要点诠释
单词
1.prepare
讲：v.使作好准备；把……预备好；防范；准备
常见搭配有:+sth./sb.(for sb./sth.)；+for sth.；+to do sth.
preparation n.准备
例：the whole class is working hard preparing for the exam.
全班都在用功准备考试。
i was preparing to leave.
我正准备离开。
he was in the kitchen preparing lunch.
他在厨房做午饭。
we made preparations to move to new offices.
我们已准备好搬到新办公室。
the country is making preparations for war.
这个国家正在进行备战。
链接•拓展
    (1)in preparation(for)（为……）准备
    (2)be prepared(for sth.)准备好；有所准备
    (3)be prepared to do愿意
练：—hi,mary,what are you doing these days?
    —i am _______the examination.
a.preparing for                           b.preparing
c.prepared for                            d.preparing to
提示:选用a项，句意为:我正在为考试作准备；选用c项，句意为:我为考试准备好了。依据问句判断，应该用表示动作的a项。
答案:a
2.point
讲：v.指；指向；瞄准；对着；朝向
n. 观点；论点；要点；重点；目的；意图；时刻；关头；得分；小数点
例：she pointed(her finger)in my direction.
她（用手指）指向我这个方向。
he pointed the gun at her head.
他举枪对准她的头。
i wish she would get to the point and tell us what she wants us to do.
我希望她能快点说正题，告诉我们她要我们做什么。
the climber was at/on the point of death when they found him.
当他们发现那个登山者时，他已奄奄一息。
australia finished 20 points ahead.
澳大利亚队终局领先20分。
链接•拓展
    (1)to the point简明恰当；简洁中肯
    the letter was short and to the point.
    这封信简短扼要。
    (2)to the point of(doing)sth.达到某种程度；近乎
    he was rude to the point of being aggressive.
    他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的程度。
    (3)up to a point在某种程度上
    i agree with you up to a point.
    我在某种程度上同意你的看法。
    (4)point out指（给某人）看；（向某人）指出
    i should point out that not one of these paintings is original.
    我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
    练：we must figure out how to solve the problem as soon as possible.so_______,we haven’t got much time.123456
a.arrive at the spot                       b.have an idea
c.get to the point                         d.come to an end
提示:get to the point 意为“快点说正题，直入主题”。
答案:c
3.present
讲：v.把……交给；提出；给予；显示；表现；引起；构成
n.当前；现在；礼物；礼品
adj.当前的；现在的；出席的；到场的
例：she presented her idea for a new product at the last sales meeting.
在上次营销会上她提出了开发新产品的想法。
the teachers were presenting us with a picture of history.
老师们正向我们描述一幅历史画面。
you’ve got to forget the past and start living in the present.
你必须忘掉过去，开始现在的生活。
who is the present owner of the house?
谁是现在的房主？
he wasn’t present at my birthday party.
他没参加我的生日晚会。
there were 200 people present at the meeting.
有200人出席会议。
链接•提示
    (1)at the present time=at present 目前
    we don’t have any more information at the present time.
    目前我们没有进一步的消息。
    (2)for the present 就目前来说；暂时
    his name escaped from my lips for the present.
    我一时想不起他的名字。
    (3)up to the present直到现在；至今
    he hasn’t received any birthday presents up to the present.
    到目前为止，他还没收到任何生日礼物。
练：this habit is hard to form ________,but in the long run,it will do you good.
a.in future          b.at present         c.in present           d.at the present
提示:in the long run意思是“终究”。如:honesty will pay in the long run.(诚实终究会得到报偿。)a项不能与后半句形成比较，故排除；c、d项结构错误。全句意思是:这种习惯目前不容易形成，但是它终究对你会有好处。
答案:b
短语
1.every four years
讲：every 与数词连用，表示时间或空间的间隔。
(1)every+基数词+复数名词，意为“每隔……”；2)every+序数词+单数名词，意为“每第……”。
例：i go there every three days.
每三天（或每隔两天）我去那里一次。
he comes to see his uncle every third sunday every month.
他每月第三个星期天来看他的叔叔。
链接•提示
    (1)every+other+单数可数名词，指“每隔一……”
    (2)every+few+复数名词，意为“每隔几……”
    he goes to town every other day.123456
    他隔天去一次城。
    write on every other line.
    要隔行写。
    he stopped and turned round every few minutes.
    每隔几分钟他都停下来回头看看。
练：she watches tv ______evening and changes channels(频道)________few minutes.
a.in；every                               b.every；every
c.every；each                             d.every；in
提示:“every+单数名词”是“每个……”之意；“every+few(two,three...)+复数名词”是“每（隔）几（两、三……）”之意。
例如:he comes to see me every sunday.
他每个星期天都来看我。
they move on to a new place every two or three years.
他们每隔两三年就要搬到一个新的地方。
答案:b
2.make sure
确保；一定要；保证做到；核实；弄清楚
例：make sure that you turn off all the lights before leaving the lab.
在你离开实验室前一定要关掉所有的灯。
you’d better make sure of the time and the place.
你最好核实时间和地点。
链接•拓展
    (1)be sure of或be sure that有把握；确信
    主语是人，表示主语感到“有把握、确信”。
    i’m sure of his success.=i’m sure that he will succeed.
    我确信他会成功。
    (2)be sure to do一定要；必然会
    主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测主语“一定要、必然会”。
    he is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。
    it is sure to rain.天准会下雨。
练：i remember his telephone number is 8666888,but you’d better _________.
a.be sure          b.make sure          c.find out             d.look out
提示:根据语境排除c、d两项，因为前文已说出了电话号码，不需要去查找。be sure意为“对……有把握”；make sure意为“一定要，保证做到，核实，弄清楚”。从句意看，说话者只是要求对方去核实，故选b。
答案:b
3.rather than
讲：该短语意为：而不是……；与其……宁愿……
例：the colour seems green rather than blue.
这个颜色像是绿色而不是蓝色。
i’d prefer to go in august rather than in july.
我宁愿8月去，不愿7月去。
i always prefer starting early,rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
我总是愿意早开始，而不愿把所有事情都留到最后才做。
i decided to send an email rather than(to)telephone.123456
我决定发电子邮件，而不是打电话。
链接•拓展
    (1)rather than经常用在“平行结构”里:即与两个形容词、两个状语词组、两个名词或代词、两个动词不定式、或两个v.ing形式连用。
    (2)rather than后的动词要和主句中与之相当的动词在形式上一致。
    (3)rather than位于句首时，其后的动词必须用v.-ing形式。
练：nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _______harm them.
a.more than           b.rather than           c.other than         d.better than
提示:rather than 意为“而不是”，句意为:发展核科学应该使人们受益，而不是对他们有害。故选b。
答案:b
句型
1.do everything one can to do
讲：注意观察下面两个教材原句:
we will not let our history and culture be destroyed and we will do everything we can to save our city.
我们不会让我们的历史和文化被毁灭的，我们将尽我们的所能去挽救我们的城市。
they do their best to win medals.
他们努力去获得奖牌。
“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”可用 sb.do what one can to do或sb.do everything/all(that) one can to do来表达。该句型中can 后省略了do，不定式作目的状语。也可用do/try one’s best to do来表达。
例：whenever he met with difficulty,she would do what she could to help him.
=whenever he met with difficulty,she would do all/everything she could to help him.
=whenever he met with difficulty,she would do/try her best to help him.
每当他遇到困难时，她总是尽她所能去帮助他。
练：these wild flowers are so special i would do ______i_______ them.
a.what；can save                     b.all what；can to save
c.what；can to save                   d.everything；can save
提示:在sb.do what one can to do结构中what one can是宾语从句，what后不可再使用关系代词；在sb.do everything/all(that)one can to do中，that one can是定语从句，该从句中只能使用关系代词that，everything/all that等于what；在以上结构中can后省略了动词do，动词不定式作目的状语。故选c。
答案:c
2.would rather...(than...)
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
i’d rather watch it than play it.我宁愿看球而不愿意打球。
would rather通常缩写为 ’d rather。
(1)would/had rather...（than）意为“宁愿……而不愿；宁愿；更喜欢”。
(2)would rather后接从句时，从句中用过去时（表现在或将来的虚拟）或过去完成时（过去的虚拟）。
例：—do you want to come with us?你想跟我一起来吗？123456
—no,i’d rather not.不，我不想去。
would you rather walk or take the bus?
你愿意步行还是坐公共汽车？
—do you mind if i smoke?你介意我抽烟吗？
—well,i’d rather you didn’t.最好别抽。
i’d rather you came tomorrow than today.
我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天来。
练：(1)（XX全国模拟ⅲ） to enjoy the scenery,irene would rather spend long hours on the train _______travel by air.
a.as                  b.to              c.than               d.while
提示:本题考查习惯搭配would rather do...than do...。
答案:c
(2)（XX广东模拟） —do you mind if i open the window?
— _________i feel a bit cold.
a.of course not.                        b.i’d rather you didn’t.
c.go ahead.                           d.why not?
提示:依据“i feel a bit cold.”可知说话者介意对方打开窗户，所以他委婉地说出不同意。
答案:b
辨析
1.farther,further
表示时间、空间和距离时两者可换用；表示“进一步、进一层、更多”时，只能用further。
即时练习:
(1)i could walk no _________.
(2)this problem will be _______discussed tomorrow.
(3)no ___________explanation is needed.
(4)it means every athlete should try to run faster,jump higher,and throw _______.
答案:(1)farther/further  (2)further  (3)further  (4)farther/further
2.prepare,prepare for,get(be)ready
(1)get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:(1)get ready(for sth.)；(2)get sth.ready；(3)be ready(for sth.)；(4)be ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)
(2)prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。
(3)prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
即时练习:
(1)mother was busy _______us lunch in the kitchen when i got home.
(2)the doctor told the nurses to ________the operation at once.
(3)we ________to do anything for the people.
(4)will you help me __________the party?
(5)please _________by seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
(6)the teacher is _________the lessons.
(7)the students are _________the exam.
(8)will you ________her for the bad news that is coming?
答案:(1)preparing  (2)prepare for  (3)are ready  (4)to prepare for  (5)get/be ready  (6)preparing  (7)preparing for  (8)prepare123456
3.manage to do,try to do
manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.，表示“努力做成某事”。
try to do sth.表示“试图，企图，努力”去做，不强调结果。
即时练习:
(1)we were pleased that they ________to get what we wanted.
(2)he ________to pass the exam but he had no luck.
(3)you’d better ________doing the experiment in another way.
(4)the box was heavy but he _________to lift it.
(5)if i am to get away,can you ________the factory?
(6)i cannot _________another cake.
答案:(1)managed  (2)tried  (3)try  (4)managed  (5)manage  (6)manage
诱思：实例点拨
【例1】 （XX春季北京模拟） after a fire broke out in the lab,a lot of equipment ______.
a.is damaged          b.had damaged          c.damaged         d.was damaged
提示:从主谓关系判断，该句应使用被动语态，故排除b、c两项；由于表达是过去的动作，应该使用过去时，故选d项。
答案:d
讲评:解考查时态的题时，要注意前后时间的呼应。
【例2】 (XX全国模拟ⅰ) roses need special care _______they can live through winter.
a.because            b.so that            c.even if            d.as
提示:根据句意判断，句子的后半部分是目的状语从句，故选b。
答案:b
【例3】 (XX全国模拟ⅳ) lizzie was _______to see her friend off at the airport.
a.a little more than sad                       b.more than a little sad
c.sad more than a little                       d.a little more sad than
提示:more than修饰形容词、名词或动词时，通常放在被修饰的词之前，故排除a、c、d三项。more than用于修饰形容词、名词或动词时，要看作习语，意思是“不仅、很、非常”。全句意思是:lizzie在机场为朋友送行时，非常难过。
又如:yao ming has more than just size.(unit 8 p55)姚明不仅仅有身高优势。
答案:b
讲评:“more than+数词+名词”时，more than的意思是“超过”，等于“over+数词+名词”。

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