【2019届高考英语考纲词汇】2019届高考英语Unit4　Earthquakes精讲复习教案

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XX届高考英语unit 4　earthquakes精讲复习教案

ⅰ.重点单词聚焦
1．without________(电)，life would not be so convenient today.
答案：　electricity
2．don’t mention it again，or it will remind her of the________(痛苦) she has gone through.
答案：　suffering
3．when he got up，the ground________(震动) and cracked under his feet.
答案：　shook/quaked
4．after the war they saved those who were alive and ________(埋葬) the dead.
答案：　buried
5．they were________(困住) in a deep hole and couldn’t get out.
答案：　trapped
6．the firemen________(营救) hundreds of people shortly after the earthquake.
答案：　rescued
7．she________(突然……，爆发) into tears at the news that his father had passed away.
答案：　burst
8．on arriving there，we offered our________(祝贺) to him on his success.
答案：　congratulations
9．he knows only a little english so he can’t________(表达) himself fluently.
答案：　express
10．it’s wrong of you to take________(躲避) under the tree in the storm.
答案：　shelter
ⅱ.重点短语扫描
1．right   　　　　　　　　立刻，马上
2．   an end  结束；终结
3．dig    掘出；发现
4．think    of  考虑的少，满不在乎
5．lose        失去希望
6．as  仿佛；好像
7．in       严重受损；破败不堪
8．a (great)   of  许多，大量的
9．tens of         of  数以万计的
10．be   of  以……而自豪
away
at
out
little
hope
if
ruins
number
thousands
proud
ⅲ.课文原句突破
1．仿佛到了世界末日！
________ ________ ________ ________the world was at an end!
答案：　it seemed as if
2．死伤人数达到40多万。
________ ________ ________people who were killed or injured ________more than 400,000.
答案：　the number of；reached
3．他们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切都几乎被毁了。
________they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
答案：　everywhere
4．并没有丧失所有的希望。
________hope was________lost.
答案：　all；not
5．解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者埋葬。
the army organized teams to________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and to ________ ________ ________.
答案：　dig out those who were trapped；bury the dead
6．正如你所知，……这是那场地震发生的日子。
________ ________ ________，this is the day the quake happened...
答案：　as you know
burst vt.& vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发
教材原句p26：in the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。

①he couldn’t help bursting into tears when he heard the bad news.当他听到这个坏消息时情不自禁泪流满面。1234567
②we all thought his heart would burst with happiness.
我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。
③he burst into the room without knocking at the door.
他没敲门就闯进房间。
1.完成句子
她一听到迈克尔•杰克逊死亡的消息，就失声痛哭起来。
hardly had she heard the news about the death of michael jackson when she ________________________.
答案：　burst out crying/burst into tears
injure vt.损害；伤害
教材原句p26：two­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。

①while crossing the road，an old man was knocked down by a car and badly injured.
过马路时，一位老人被汽车撞倒且严重受伤。
②your words may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
③the injured were taken to the hospital.
受伤者被送进了医院。
辨析：injure，hurt与wound
injure 伤害，特指意外伤害
hurt 受伤的一般用词，既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害
wound 通常是指武器的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指战场上的伤害

2.用表“伤害”的词填空：
(1)what really________me was that he never answered my letter.
(2)about 50 people were seriously________ in the attack.
(3)two men were seriously ________ trying to save a 5­year­old girl from the burning building.
答案：　(1)hurt 　(2)wounded　(3)injured
ruin n．[u] 毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；n.[c](pl.)废墟；遗迹；v.(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭
教材原句p26：in fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。
(1)be in ruins成为废墟
bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落
come/fall＋to/into ruin灭亡；荒废
(2)ruin oneself自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉
①some pre­war constructions were abandoned and eventually fell/came to ruin.一些战前建筑被遗弃，并最终成为废墟。
②a terrible earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
可怕的地震使全城成为一片废墟。
③his hope of winning a gold medal in the 11th national games ruined because of his carelessness.
由于粗心他在11届全运会上获一枚金牌的希望破灭了。
④as is known to us，heavy smoking ruins our health.
众所周知，吸烟过量毁坏身体健康。
3.“if you go on stealing，you will________your bright future，young man！” said the judge.
a．destroy　　　 　　　　　　
b．damage
c．ruin
d．break
解析：　这几个动词中，ruin可表示对抽象事物的毁坏，如毁掉“希望，理想，前程”等。
答案：　c
4．________is no wonder that the building is________now；it was so big a fire last night.
a．it；in ruins 
b．that；in ruins
c．there；in ruins 
d．it；in ruin
解析：　“it is no wonder that...”是固定句式，表示“难怪……”；be/lay in ruins是固定短语，意为“成为废墟”。
答案：　a1234567
bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
教材原句p26：the army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并掩埋死者。

①their ambitions were finally dead and buried.
他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。
②since she left，he’s buried himself in his work.
自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。
③buried/absorbed in his study，he didn’t know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
④she sat there，buried in thought.
她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。
5.完成句子
hearing her only son killed in the accident，the old woman________________________(双手掩面) and cried.
答案：　buried her face in her hands
6．________deep down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
a．burying    b．buried
c．to bury    d．having buried
解析：　bury与句子主语forests之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。句意为：深深地埋在地下，枯死的林木慢慢腐烂变成了煤。
答案：　b
judge v．断定；判断；判决；n.裁判员；法官；评判员
教材原句p30：your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
五个裁判听你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。

①i can’t judge whether he is right or wrong.
我不能断定他是对还是错。
②judging from his expression，he was satisfied with my work.
从他的表情判断，他对我的工作很满意。
③as far as i can judge，it is he rather than you is to blame.
据我判断，是他而不是你该受责备。
④in my judgement，it is necessary to pay him a visit.
在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。
7.________to be the best student，lucy received a scholarship，which made her parents very delighted and satisfied.
a．judging    b．judged
c．to judge    d．being judged
解析：　句意为：被认为是最好的学生，露西获得了奖学金，这使父母非常高兴和满意。judge与主语lucy之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
答案：　b
8．i haven’t read all of his books before，but________from the one i have read，i think he’s a very promising writer.
a．judged     b．judging
c．determining     d．determined
解析：　judging from...是固定短语，常在句中作状语。不管它与主语是主动还是被动关系，都要用judging from形式。
答案：　b
at an end结束；终结
教材原句p26：it seemed as if the world was at an end!
好像世界末日到了。

①the meeting was nearly at an end when i got to the meeting room.我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。
②by the end of last year，he had learned two thousand english words.到去年底为止，他已学了2 000个英语单词。
③they decided to put an end to the quarrel.1234567
他们决定结束争吵。
④being out of work and having two young children，they found it impossible to make ends meet.他们失业了，还要养活两个小孩，他们发现无法维持起码的生活。
9.he’s going to relax with friends once the exams are________and he has exciting plans for the summer holidays.
a．at the end    b．by the end
c．in the end    d．at an end
解析：　be at an end表示“结束，终结”，符合句意。at the end (of)在(……的)末端；by the end (of)到(……)结束时；in the end最后。
答案：　d
a (great) number of许多；大量
教材原句p26：such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。
修饰可
数名词 a large/great/good number of，a good/great many，quite a few，dozens of，scores of，many a＋单数可数名词
修饰不可
数名词 a good/great deal of，a large amount of，quite a little
修饰可数或不
可数名词 a lot of，lots of，a large quantity of，large quantities of，plenty of

表示“许多”的短语可分为三类：
①a large number of people applied for the job.
许多人申请了这份工作。
②because of the economic crisis，a great number of workers were out of work.由于经济危机，大量工人失去工作。
③helen has a great many friends indeed，but she does not think she has any she can believe in.
海伦固然有许多朋友，可是她认为没有一个是可以信任的。
④the poor girl from a small village was deeply impressed by the large quantities of food in the big city.大城市里大量丰富的食品给这个来自小山村的穷苦的小女孩留下了深刻的印象。
(1)a number of＋pl.n.作主语，谓语动词用复数，“许多……；大量……”。
the number of＋pl.n.作主语，谓语动词用单数，“……的数目”。如果说“数量多少”，要用large，small或high，low，不用many，few。
(2)large quantities of＋pl.n./[u]n.作主语，谓语动词用复数。
large amounts of＋[u]n.作主语，谓语动词用复数。
⑤the number of homeless people has increased rapidly.
无家可归的人数迅速增加。
⑥large quantities of clean water are badly needed in the flooded area.洪灾地区急需大量清洁的水。
10.(全国高考)as you can see，the number of cars on our roads________rising these days.
a．was keeping    b．keep
c．keeps     d．were keeping
解析：　句意为：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数，可排除b、d；再根据时间状语these days 可知描述的是现在的情况，所以选c。
答案：　c
11．________children whose parents had died in the earthquake________sent to live with families in other cities.
a．a great number of；was 
b．a great number of；were1234567
c．the great number of；was 
d．the great number of；were
解析：　a great number of许多，后加可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数。
答案：　b
it seemed as if the world was at an end!
似乎世界末日来临了！
as if是连词词组，意为“好像、好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型it looks/seems as if...中，其意思是“看起来好像……”。如果所引导的从句表示的情况接近事实，句子要用陈述语气。
①he acts (acted) as if (as though) he were an expert.
他表现得就像个专家。
②they talked as if (as though) they had been friends for years.
他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友。
③he treats me as if i were a stranger.
他待我如同陌生人。
④look at the clouds in the sky！it looks as if it is going to rain.let’s hurry up.
看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
⑤she walked here and there on the playground as if (she was) looking for something.她在操场上来回走，好像在找什么东西。
⑥the old man was lying on the ground as if (he was) hurt badly.老人躺在地上，好像伤得很厉害。
⑦he opened his mouth as if to say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
12.(全国高考)eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday.
a．was happening    b．happens
c．has happened     d．happened
解析：　考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers 可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。
答案：　d
13．________seemed that she was not interested in the topic they were talking about.
a．there     b．it
c．she      d．they
解析：　seem后面跟从句时，其主语应为it。
答案：　b
all hope was not lost.＝not all hope was lost.
并没有丧失所有的希望。
该句为不完全否定，也可称之为部分否定。当not与all，every，everyone，everything，both连用时，皆表示不完全否定。
①all these books are not popular with people.
这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。
②not all my friends smoke.我的朋友并不都吸烟。
③everyone is not here.并不是人人都在这里。
no，none，no one，neither表示全部否定。
④none of us was allowed to go there.我们全都不让去那里。
⑤nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the great wall.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。
14.(XX•江西卷)swimming is my favorite sport.there is________like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
a．something     b．anything
c．nothing     d．everything
解析：　句意为：游泳是我最喜欢的运动。作为保持健康的方式，没有什么能比得上游泳了。本题考查不定代词。根据上文可知，空格处需要一个表示否定意义的词，所以c为答案。1234567
答案：　c
15．i agree with most of what you said，but i don’t agree with________.
a．everything     b．anything
c．something     d．nothing
解析：　句意为：我同意你说的大部分，但是我不同意全部。not...everything并非都。
答案：　a
ⅰ.选词填空
judge from；a number of；as if；right away；burst out crying；dig ou
1．on seeing the frightening scene，the little girl was so frightened that she ________________________.
答案：　burst out crying
2．she loves the boy______________she were his mother.
答案：　as if
3．although ________________________people were invited to his wedding，the number of people who actually came was small.
答案：　a number of
4．more than a dozen people________________of the ruins were still alive.
答案：　dug out
5．hearing the news that his mother was ill in hospital，he rushed to the hospital________________.
答案：　right away
6．________________his accent，we know that he is from the south.
答案：　judging from
ⅱ.完成句子
1．他太激动了，以至于无法表达他对警察们的感激之情。
he was________excited________________his thanks to the policemen.
答案：　too；to express
2．他是那么地受欢迎，不论到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
he is ________popular________he is well welcome everywhere he goes.
答案：　so；that
3．这座城堡在战争中被彻底毁坏了，现在已是一片废墟。
the castle was________in the war and now it is______________.
答案：　destroyed；in ruins
4．她待他如陌生人，这让他很伤心。
she treats him______________he ________a stranger，which makes him very sad.
答案：　as if；were
5．听到战争结束的消息，人们欢呼雀跃起来。
at the news that the war__________________________，people cheered and jumped with joy.
答案：　was at an end
6．图书馆遗失了很多书，因此学校决定采取一些措施。
__________________________books in the library are lost，so the school has decided to take some action.
答案：　a great number of
ⅲ.语法专练
本单元语法——定语从句(ⅰ)
1．(XX•全国卷ⅱ)i refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
a．who　　　　　　　　　　 b．that
c．as      d．what
解析：　句意为：我拒绝接受因为别人的错误而遭受的责备。本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。先行词在从句中作主语，而且为不定代词something，关系词只能用that。
答案：　b
2．(XX•重庆卷)in china，the number of cities is increasing________development is recognized across the world.
a．where     b．which
c．whose     d．that
解析：　句意为：在中国，城市的数量在快速地增加，其发展被世界所公认。考查定语从句。先行词为cities，代入定语从句后为：the cities’ development is recognized across the world.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。1234567
答案：　c
3．(XX•安徽“江南十校”联考)—when did your cousin begin to show his interest in medicine?
—it was a saturday________he noticed his uncle experimenting on a frog in his lab.
a．that     b．what
c．when     d．which
解析：　考查定语从句。解答有关定语从句题目的关键是：先找出先行词，然后把先行词代入从句中，判断其在从句中的地位和作用。该定语从句的先行词是a saturday，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when。该题考生常误选that，认为是强调句型。
答案：　c
4．(XX•东北三校联合模拟)there are 51 students in class three，________failed in the test.
a．all of which    b．all of them
c．none of whom    d．none of them
解析：　考查定语从句。后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，应用whom引导。因为前后两句之间没有并列连词，所以b、d两项不正确。
答案：　c
5．(XX•济南高考模拟)the time is drawing near________food raised in space will directly benefit mankind.
a．where     b．when
c．whether     d．why
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：在太空种植的食物直接使人类受益的时刻快要来了。when引导的定语从句修饰先行词the time。
答案：　b

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