全品高考英语第二轮专题答案_高考英语第二轮专题复习Unit5 Rhythm语法解读

高三英语教案 2014-09-27 网络整理 晴天

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unit 5 rhythm语法解读
状语从句
一、定义
状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等,有时修饰整个主句。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号分开;放在主句之后,一般不用逗号。
二、分类
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点状语从句。
1.时间状语从句
①时间状语从句常用的连词有when,as,while,before,after,since,till(until),once,as soon as,hardly...when..,no sooner...than,the moment等。
②时间状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。如:
i’ll go on with the work when i come back tomorrow.
明天我回来后接着干这个工作。
③连词when,while,as都表示“当……时候”,但是when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生;用as,while时则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。as和when可指时间的某个点,也可指一段时间,但while不可以表示某个点的时间,它所引导的从句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,as,when和while都可使用。如:
while i was reading,he came in.
他进来时,我正在阅读。
as he walked along the street,he sang happily.
他走在大街上,高兴地唱着歌。
④till(until)表示“一直到……(为止)”时,主句和从句都用肯定式,主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;not...until表示“直到……才……”时,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,主句要用短暂性动词。如:
he did not get up till his mother came in.
直到他妈妈进来,他才起床。
he worked until it was dark.
他一直工作到天黑。
⑤as soon as和the moment引导的从句表示“一……就……”。用no sooner...than和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”时,主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且当no sooner或hardly位于句首时主句采用部分倒装,即把助动词had提到前面。
as soon as i finish the work,i’ll go to see you.
我一完成工作就去看你。
hardly had i entered the room when i heard loud noise.
我刚走进房间就听见了巨大的声音。
⑥还有一些词,如immediately,directly,instantly和as soon as同义,也可引导时间状语从句。某些名词词组如the minute,the instant,the day,the year,every time,next time等也可引导时间状语从句。如:
alice recognised tom instantly/the instant she saw him.
艾丽丝一看见汤姆就认出他来了。
2.原因状语从句
1)原因状语从句常用because,since和as引导。如:
as it is snowing,we shall not go to the park.
天在下雪,我们不去公园了吧。
注:for也可以引导句子表示原因。但不是从句。
辨析:because,since,as和for
①because引导原因状语从句,着重点在于说明听话人不知道的原因或理由。如:
he is absent because he is ill.他因病缺席。
you want to know why i’m leaving?because i’m fed up.
你想知道我为什么要走吗?因为我待够了。
②since相对于because来说语气弱一点,侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已经知道的理由。
③as语气相对于since弱一点,表示“由于,因为”,着重点不在从句,而在于主句,原因、理由已为人们所知,只是附带说明。如:1234
she bought herself an iron,as/since she felt she couldn’t keep borrowing anne’s.
她自己买了个熨斗,因为她觉得不能老是借安妮的。
as/since women were not supposed to be novelists,she took the name george eliot.
由于人们认为女人是不能成为小说家的,她就用了乔治•艾略特这个名字。
④for是表示因果概念的并列连词,它所引导的是一个并列句,不是从句。如:
it must have rained last night,for the ground was quite wet this morning.
昨晚一定下了雨,因为今天早上地面很湿。
2)引导原因状语从句的其他连词有now(that),seeing(that),considering(that)等。如:
now(that) all the guests have arrived,let’s have dinner.
既然客人都到了,我们开饭吧。
3.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常用where,wherever等连词引导;注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆。如:
we shall go where working conditions are difficult.(状语从句)
我们该去工作条件艰苦的地方。
we shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.(定语从句)
我们应当到条件最艰苦的地方去。
4.条件状语从句
条件状语从句用if,unless(if...not),as(so) long as(只要),so(as) far as,in case,suppose,supposing(用于问句),on condition that,provided(that)等词引导,如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示。如:
as long as i live,i shall work hard.
只要我活着就会努力工作。
i shall not go to school unless i finish my homework.
不完成作业,我是不会去上学的。
5.让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although(though),as,even if,however,whatever,no matter who (how...),whether...or等词引导。如:
no matter who asks her for advice,she is always ready to help.
无论谁问她建议,她都会帮忙。
注意:1)由as引导的让步状语从句,须将作表语的形容词或名词(名词前不用冠词)放在句首。如:
clever as he is,he doesn’t study well.
尽管他非常聪明,却学得不好。
2)由although(though)引导的让步状语从句,主句不能用but。如:
although it rained heavily,they still went out.
虽然雨下得很大,他们还是出去了。
6.结果状语从句
结果状语从句一般由so that,so...that...,such...that...引导,在非正式语体中,由so...that...,such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略。有时,such作代词,后面直接跟结果状语从句。如:
the box is so heavy that nobody can move it.
这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
it is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.
这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
7.目的状语从句
①目的状语从句常用so that,in order that等引导,常放在主句之后。如:
they started early so that they might arrive in time.
他们出发得很早,以便按时到达。
he works hard in order that he can serve the country well.
为了更好地为国家服务,他工作非常努力。
②目的状语从句还可由in case,for fear that等词引导,从句中还可用“should+动词原形”结构。如:
take your raincoat in case it should rain.
为了防止下雨,带上雨伞吧。1234
③so (that) 既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导结果状语从句。但目的状语从句与前面的主句之间通常不用逗号,从句中有情态动词。
记忆要诀
相貌一样难分开
——目的状语与结果状语从句引导词so that辨析
目的结果(so)that,
相貌一样难分开。
结果状语so that,
主从停顿分两排;
目的状语so that,
从句之中有情态。
主从之间没逗号,
一气呵成连起来。
注意:so...that结构中,so修饰的短语可置于句首,加强句子语气,主语和谓语动词要倒装。如:
so crowded is this bus that i can hardly breathe.
车上如此拥挤以至于我几乎喘不动气。
8.方式状语从句
方式状语从句放在主句之后,用as,just as,as if,as though等引导。as if和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。如:
the old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.
那个老人跑得非常快,好像是个轻人。
you may do as you please.
你想干什么就干什么吧。
9.比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用as...as...,than,not so...as...,the more...the more...等词引导。比较状语从句部分常是省略句。如:
i know you better than he does.我比他了解你。
the more we can do for you,the happier we will be.
我们为你做得越多,我们就越高兴。
三、as作为从属连词能引导五种状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句。as作“当……时”解,表示从句和主句的动作同时或几乎同时发生。如:
she glanced at me curiously as i opened the door.
我开门时,她好奇地瞧了我一眼。(两动作略有先后)
as i was coming here,i met your brother.
我往这儿来的时候,遇见了你哥哥。(前动作过程中,后动作发生)
he stare at me solemnly as i went out of the door.
我走出门时,他严肃地注视我。(两个动作同时发生)
jane heard the story as she washed.
珍妮边洗衣服边听故事。(两个长动作同时进行)
2.引导原因状语从句。as作“由于”“既然”解,着重用事实说明原因。如:
as all the seats are full,he stood there.
由于座无虚席,他站在那里。
3.引导方式状语从句。as作“按照”“如同”解。如:
i have changed it as you proposed.
我已按照你的建议做了修改。
do it as i do.我怎么干,你就怎么干。
这类状语从句中,“it+be” 有时被省略掉。如:
as (it was) expected,the forestation movement rapidly spread.
如所预料,植树造林运动迅速地被普遍掀起。
4.引导让步状语从句。as作“虽然”“尽管”解。如:
child as she is,she can write good compositions.
她虽幼,却能写出好作文
poor as he was,he was honest.他虽穷,却很诚实。
5.引导比较状语从句。前一as是副词(“那样”),后一as是连词(“像……”)。
四、as,when,while 用法有何异同
as“正当”“在……的同时”。
when“在……时”“当……的时候”。
while“在……期间”“在……过程中”。
1.在从句的长动作(包括延续性动词的一般时和进行时)的过程中,发生了主句的短动作(瞬时性动作的一般时),as,when,while三词都可用作连词,引出这一过程。如:
as(when,while) i was walking to school,i saw mr.johnson.1234
我走向学校时,见到了约翰逊先生。
as(when,while)we were still laughing,the teacher came in.
我们还在大笑时,老师进来了。
i entered while(as,when) the meeting was going on.
会议正在进行时,我进来了。
2.两个一般时的长动作相并进行的时候,as,when,while都可用作连词。如:
he sang as(while,when) he worked.他一边干活,一边唱歌。
her voice trembled as(while,when) she spoke.
她讲话时,声音发颤。
3.两个进行时的长动作相并进行的时候,when,while可用作连词,as不可以。如:
mary was cooking supper while(when) her brother was playing chess.
玛丽在做晚饭,那时她弟弟在下棋。
xiao yang was singing happily while(when) he was driving home.
小杨开着车回家时,高兴地唱着歌。
4.两个短动作相并进行的时候或事件同时紧接着发生时,as,when可用作连词,while不可以。如:
he arrived just as(when) i stepped out of the room.
就在我跨出房门时他到了。
she thought of him when (just as) she caught sight of the pavilion.
就在她猛地看见那亭子时,想到了他。
he rose as (when) she entered.她进来时他站了起来。
5.从句以系表结构表示状态时,when能用作连词,while间或能用来表示“在……期间”。如:
when it is wet,the buses are crowded.
下雨天公共汽车就拥挤。
i left school when it was dark.天黑了我离开了学校。
he went back to his home when he was 65.
他65岁时,返回故里。
6.不论从句还是主句,只要有一方用了完成时态,只有when能用作连词。如:
hardly i had finished my composition when the bell began to ring.
我刚刚写完作文,铃就响了。
when we got to the cinema,the film had begun.
我们到电影院时,电影已经开演了。
7.如果从句用瞬间性动词,主句用延续性动词,从句只能用when引出。如:
when he came this morning,we were having an english lesson.
今天上午他来的时候,我们在上英语课。
father was writing something when i left home.
我从家出来时,父亲在写什么东西。
8.在表示时间上,while不能指时间的一点,因此while所引出的从句,谓语通常用延续性动词的一般时或进行时。如:
please write while i dictate.请在我口述时,听写下来。
i kept silent while he was writing.他写作时,我默不作声。
9.在表示对比时,while作“然而”解,从句可用“系表结构”或延续性动词作谓语。如:
he is lazy while his brother (is) diligent.他懒惰,而他弟弟勤奋。
he was riding while his father walked in the dust.
他在骑着马,而他父亲在尘埃中步行。
10.while 还可以作“虽然”“趁着”“只要”解。如:
while i like the colour of the hat,i don’t like the shape.
我虽然喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢这样式。
make hay while the sun shines.趁着天晴晒干草。
在个别情况下,while从句用瞬间性动词,表示“在……的同时”。如:
while he left,he remembered the key.
在他走的当儿,他想起了钥匙。1234

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