【unit8adventure】Unit8advertising-Grammar学案

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unit8 advertising-grammar学案
过去分词作表语和宾语补足语
1）过去分词作表语
the teacher seemed quite delighted at the idea.
when we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.
his hair is nearly all gone.
过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。
注意：
①作表语的过去分词，________的意味很弱，主要表示动作的_______和某一_______，相当于一个形容词。
the boat is broken.
the street is crowded.
②表示______的过去分词：disappointed, excited, surprised, pleased…
  表示______的过去分词：lost, known, married,dressed,gone,drunk…
  later they found that they were lost.
  the happy time is gone.
③过去分词作表语：强调____________________
  被动语态：      强调____________________
  my glasses are broken.      (________)

my glasses were broken by my little daughter.    (________)
he was surprised at the news. (________)

i was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.    (________)
practice:
1. 这本书很有趣。
2. 他对这本书很感兴趣。
3. 这个窗户破了。
4. 这个窗户是被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的。
5. 站在那儿的男孩儿是我弟弟。
6. 他是位高级教师。
7. 穿白色衣服的学生是我女儿。

答案：
情绪；状态
① 被动；完成；状态
② 情绪；状态
③ 主语所处的状态
主语所承受的动作
practice:
1. the book is very interesting.
2. he is very interested in the book.
3. this window is broken.
4. this window was broken bu the naughty boy.
5. the child standing over there is my brother.
6. he is an advanced teacher.
7. the student dressed in white is my daughter.
2）过去分词作宾语补足语
有三点需要特别注意： 1. 分析句中宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系，如果是动宾关系，即被动关系，才能用过去分词做宾语补足语。 2. 一般情况只有及物动词的过去分词才能用做宾语补足语。 3. 并不是所有的动词都可以带宾语加过去分词做宾语补足语的结构，高中范围内，常用的有如下动词：
　　１、  hear, see, feel, watch, find 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。
　　they had never heard it openly discussed before.
　　他们从来没听人公开谈过这件事。
　　he saw the man knocked down by a motor cycle.
　　他看到这个人被一辆摩托车撞到了。
　　he felt a great weight taken off his mind.
　　他感到去掉了一件大心事。
　　helpless, we watched a whole season"s labour and half a year"s food destroyed.
　　我们眼睁睁地看着整整一季度的劳动和半年的粮食给毁掉了。
　　the old woman found two of the windows broken .
　　老妇人发现有两扇窗户给打破了。
　　２、  make, get, have 等表示“致使”意义的动词。
　　when you speak english, be sure to make yourself understood. 12
　　说英语时一定要让人听懂你的意思。
　　the next problem is to get the land ploughed.
　　下一个问题就是翻地。
　　注意“ have+ 宾语 +done ”这一结构，有两种含义， 一种为“让别人做某事”， 一种为“（主语）遭遇到某事”。
　　last year, we had the house rebuilt.
　　去年我们请人把房子翻修了一下。
　　she had her watch stolen.
　　她的表给人偷了。
　　３、  keep, leave 等表示“使继续处于某种状态” 的动词。
　　he couldn"t keep his eyes shut to all this.
　　他不能对这一切视而不见。
　　i"m sorry i"ve left some of your questions unanswered.
　　很抱歉，你有些问题我没有回答。
　　注意： keep 注重状态的持续， leave 更强调“留下”的含义。
　　４、  like, want, wish, order 等表示“希望或要求”意义的动词。
　　这类动词后面的宾语补足语，本来用不定式的被动形式，由于“ to be” 往往省略，就成了过去分词形式了。
　　he won"t like such questions ( to be ) discussed at the meeting.
　　他不希望这样的问题在会上讨论。
　　the readers wished the discussion ( to be ) continued.
　　读者希望讨论继续下去。
　　we don"t want anything said about this.
　　我们希望这事不要谈起了。
　　he ordered the report (to be ) reprinted.
　　他命令报告重印。
　　另外， 在 with 复合结构中，也可以用过去分词用做宾语补足语。
　　all the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
　　整个下午，他关着门在屋里干活。
　　练习：选择最佳答案。
　　１、  the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.
　　ａ、 carry out b. carrying out c. carried out d. to carry out
　　2.--- good morning. can i help you?
　　--- i"d like to have this package _____, madam.
　　a. be weighed b. to be weighed c. weigh d. weighed
　　3 ． the murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back.
　　a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied
　　4.the speaker raised his voice but still couldn"t make himself ___ .
　　ａ、  hear b. to hear c. hearing d. heard
　　答案 1.c 2.d 3.d 4.d

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