选修7第2单元单词_选修7第2单元Unit2不定式的被动语态导学单（3）

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        unit 2 不定式的被动语态----the passive infinitive一、不定式的时态1. he hopes to see (see) you again.2.i’m sorry to have lost (lose) your key.3. it happened to be raining (rain) when i got there.4. he appears to have been waiting (wait ) a long time.不定式有时态的变化，时态共四种，即不定式的一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式.不定式的一般式表示 动作在谓语动词同时或之后发生不定式的完成式表示_动作在谓语动词之前发生.不定式的进行式表示 谓语动词发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行不定式的完成进行式表示 谓语动词发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续. 二、不定式的语态1.it is an honor for me to be asked (ask) to speak here.2.he thought it an honor to have been invited (invite) to the party.3.the books are not allowed to be taken  (take) out of the room.4. the book is said to have been translated (translate) into many languages.不定式还有语态的变化, 语态分为 主动语态 和 被动语态。语态   时态主动语态被动语态一般式 to do  to be done完成式 to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing     /完成进行式to have  been doing     /㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done/to have been doing)当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.1. we want to learn english well.2. robert is said ____ abroad, but i didn’t know what country he studied in.(nmet99)

a.     to have studied  b. to study  c. made   d. to make㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.1. he didn’t like to be laughed at.2. he claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.a.     being badly treated      b. treating badlyc. to be treated badly        d. to have been badly treated.不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：1．  在there be结构中。在there be结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如：there is no time to lose (to be lost). 时间紧迫，不能耽误了。 there are still many difficulties to overcome (to be overcome). 还有许多困难要克服。 但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思。当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。试比较: there is nothing to do now. (we have nothing to do.) 我们现在没事干。 there is nothing to be done now. (we can do nothing now.) 现在没有什么办法了。 2．在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。123常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。he is hard to believe in.the house is comfortable to live in.3.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。the problem is too difficult to work out.the house is big enough to live in.4.在“疑问代词+to do”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。i don’t know what to do next. she will tell you which bus to take.do you know who to go with?4．在“with+n+to do”结构中。with nothing to do，he lay in bed．
with so many exercises to do，i can‘t go to the cinema．5.动词不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现i have a letter to type today．(i是to type的逻辑主语)do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)注意比较：1) do you have anything to send?2) do you have anything to be sent?                                  （1）你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you) （2）你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式6．当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。this is the best book to read (=for us／you to read)．
the important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house．7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame, to seek等。the house is to let．
i felt i was to blame.the reason is not far to seek. 理由不难找到。8. need /require/want 表示“需要”时+ to be done, 和接v.-ing的主动形式表达含义一致。     我的车需要修理。my car needs repairing(=needs to be repaired). 9.通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如：they say that mike is sick in bed.=it is said that mike is sick in bed.=mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.exercise:1. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it. a. to see   b. to be seen  c. seeing    d. seen2. i hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off. a. to tell         b. to be told     c. telling       d. told3. do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.123 a. to tell        b. to be told      c. to be telling   d. to have been told4. it is said that plastics can be used to____ many things. now people are used to____ plastics products. a. make; using b. making; using  c. making; use d. make; use5. with a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.a. settled        b. settling         c. to settle       d. being settled6. the bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday 　a. to be robbed         b to have keen robbed 　c robbed              d having been robbed 7. an exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week. a. are to be held     b. is to be held    c. are holding        d. will hold 8. the question asked by him is hard _____ .    a. to answer   b. to be answered        c. to be answering      d. for answer 9.       to have been rich.  a. they say     b. it is said             c. he is said        d. that was said 10. mathematics is difficult ______.  a. to learn     b. for learning       c. to be learned      d. of learning11. --- i can"t see the blackboard very well.   ---- perhaps you need ______.   a. to examine your eyes               b. to have your eyes examined   c. to have examined your eyes          d. to be examined your eyes12..  ---- why do you call your son mouse?    ---- he wants ______ by the name.    a. to call      b. to be called     c. to be calling    d. being called13. his idea, though good, needs ______ out.    a. being tried   b. to try         c. tried           d. to be tried14. ---have you gone to see the doctor?---no, but ______.a. i go  b. i am going to see  c. i go to see  d. i’m going to123

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