牛津英语8bunit1教案|8BUnit1导学案及教案1

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8b unit2 导学案
                            
comic strip& welcome to the unit
【背景知识】
1. 富士山：位于东京的近郊，是日本的象征。夏季适于露营、游泳、钓鱼等，冬季则是滑雪的好场所。
2. 比萨斜塔：位于意大利古城比萨，高54.5米，直径16 米，重约1.4万吨。塔内有294 级台阶，供游人登塔，远眺全城风光。
3. 美人鱼铜像：位于丹麦首都歌本哈根，是根据安徒生童话《海的女儿》中的女主角用青铜雕铸的。这座鱼尾人身的铜像现已成为丹麦的标志。
4. 自由女神像：是一位擎炽烈火炬的庄严女子，立于美国曼哈顿外海的自由女神岛。铜像是1884年法国人民为纪念《美国独立宣言》发表100周年赠送给美国的礼物。
5. 塔桥：是英国伦敦泰晤士河上一座哥特式风格的吊桥。塔桥是伦敦标志性的建筑物，于1894年建成通车。游人可与上层桥上鸟瞰泰晤士河两岸的景色。

【自学探究】
一、 预习p24—p25，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。
1.去旅行                       2.肯定很有意思              
3.带...出门                      4.看美景           
                       5.加入某人                      6.日本的象征
7.快点                         8.照相                      
9.随身带…                     10.和某人讨论….
  11.去远足/滑雪(潜水/游泳/钓鱼/爬山/滑冰/划船/购物…)         
12.我曾今去过那儿许多次。
13.我认为对我而言将不是个假日。
14.喜欢游览不同的地方            15.受欢迎的旅游景点
二、预习p24—p25，英译中。
1. mount fuji                    2.the great wall               1234567891011121314151617181920
3. the little mermaid              4.the leaning tower of pisa
                      5 . the tower bridge.               6. the statue of liberty    
7. find out more about different places around the world
三、写出已学世界名胜的英文名称。
                                  

【教案】
教学内容 8bunit2comicstrip&welcome to the unit 课型 新授课
教学目标 1. 了解外国城市著名的旅游胜地和受欢迎的景点。
2. 熟悉人们在不同景点从事的各种活动。
教学重难点 1. 外国城市著名的旅游胜地和受欢迎的景点。
2. have/has been的用法。
教学方法 情景交际法、归纳法
教具准备 课件
教学步骤 教师活动 学生活动 个性化补充
step 1 lead in
 first show the students some photos that i
have taken during holidays. and then ask them some questions：
1). (i like travelling.)where have i ever been?
2). do you like travelling?
3. what’s your feeling when you go on a trip?
4).when will people go on a trip?
5).what things would you prepare for your trip?
step 2 .presentation
1.tell the ss: most of us like travelling. our friends eddie and hobo also like travelling. they’ll go on a trip for their holiday. will eddie have a happy holiday? why or why not? let’s listen to their conversation.
2. play the tape again .ask them to read after it. then tell ss to read the comic strip, and ask some questions in detail to check understanding, e.g.,
1). is eddie happy in the first picture? why? (yes. he is going on a trip.)
2). does hobo want to go too?(yes.)
3).how does he feel?(he’s very excited)
4).why is eddie unhappy in the last picture?(he has to carry a heavy bag.)
3. after that, ask ss to act the dialogue out. then ask three or four pairs to perform this conversation before the class.
(the joke in this dialogue is that eddie wants to go on holiday to relax. instead he will be working harder than he would if he had stayed at home.)
4.pay attention to some useful expressions:
1).  join sb.=go… with sb.
2).let sb do sth: let me take you out.
3).‘take’ and ‘bring’ 
4).have/has ever been…
step 3.presentation
1. there are many other places of interest in china. tell ss that i would like to travel around our country. show them some pictures and make them tell where i want to go. tell them my dream is to travel around the world one day. but i have never been abroad. ask them if they have ever been abroad/if they can help make my dream come true./   whether they know any famous attractions in china or other parts of the world? let ss speak out the names of some places of interest that they’ve learned.1234567891011121314151617181920
2. after that, show ss some pictures of  other popular tourist attractions around the world one by one. and introduce the background information at the same time:
mount fuji: it is a symbol of japan. there is snow on top of this mountain.
the leaning tower of pisa: this tower is in italy. it is leaning.
the little mermaid: it’s s statue of a girl in denmark. the girl has a fish’s tail instead of legs.
the statue of liberty: it is in new york city, usa. it stands for liberty.
the tower bridge: it is a large bridge over the river thames in london, it has twin towers.
3. divide the class into pairs. talk about the photos in part a on page25 tell ss to work together to fill in the blanks with words from the box. then check the answers with them. make sure they can speak out the names, and then show some of them on the screen.
4. ask ss to write down the country where each of the sights can be found. show the countries on the screen in random order and ask some ss to match the places with their corresponding countries. then check the answers with them.
5. ask ss to work in pairs to talk about what people usually do when they visit some place. make them speak out some phases like see the beautiful view, go skiing and so on. then ask them to work in pairs to talk about each of the photos. tell them to use daniel and millie’s conversation in part b as a model. encourage more ss to expand the model conversation to include things they know and want to do themselves.
model:
s1: what’s this?
s2: it’s the great wall of china—a symbol of china.
s1: what can people do there?
s2: they can see the beautiful view there.
step 4 .finding and writing expressions
ask ss to go over page 24 and 25 again to find out and write down all the useful expressions. 
go on a trip to…, join…, take…out for a few days, bring...with me, come on, take the bag,  visit different places, do a project on…, find out more about…, discuss one’s ideas with…, prepare a fact file, write about one’s dream holiday, talk to…about…, use…as a model, replace….with…, go hiking, go skiing, see the beautiful view（ show some of them on the screen.）
step 5.practice
do some exercises :
1. translation.
2. write a short composition.
step 6. activities
divide the students into groups of four. take turns to make a plan:
suppose two of ss are eddie and hobo, the other two are guides from different travel agencies/people who live there…,
ask them if they can introduce the places to eddie and hobo .e.g.
places: the tower bridge…1234567891011121314151617181920
activities: go hiking
         see the beautiful view
ask three or four groups to speak out their arrangements before the class.
step 7.mainly conclusion
1. have/has been
2. some important phases and sentences.
3. popular tourist attractions that we have learned today. 

通过展示自己旅游所拍照片和一系列关于旅游问题的设计引导学生自然过渡到本课的主题

播放录音，让学生
判断两位漫画人物
发生了什么状况。

鼓励学生增加适当
的内容，扩大语言
的输出量
通过介绍背景知识引出本课生词symbol

与学生核对答案。

鼓励学生增加适当
的内容，扩大语言
的输出量

帮助总结重点词组并作简要讲解，让学生知道这些词组和句子的用法。 
学生听课文录音，回答有关漫画的问题。
学生跟读，然后根据漫画回答下列问题。

学生进行小组练习，准备短剧表演
（可以竞赛）

学生积极抢答。

学生小组合作完成。

学生迅速配对。

学生小组合作完成。

8b unit 1 导学案
welcome to the unit
【背景知识】
有关交通的英语标识
交通规则 traffic regulation  路标 guide post   里程碑 milestone
停车标志 mark car stop红绿灯 traffic light 自动红绿灯 automatic traffic signal light
红灯 red light绿灯 green light  黄灯 amber light 交通岗 traffic post岗亭 police box
交通警 traffic police打手势 pantomime单行线 single line双白线 double white lines
双程线dual carriage-way斑马线 zebra stripes交通干线 artery traffic车行道 carriage-way
辅助车道 lane auxiliary双车道 two-way traffic自行车通行 cyclists only
 单行道 one way only窄路 narrow road潮湿路滑 slippery when wet
陡坡 steep hill不平整路 rough road弯路 curve road ; bend road连续弯路 winding road
之字路 double bend road 之字公路 switch back road 下坡危险 dangerous down grade
道路交叉点 road junction十字路 cross road左转 turn left右转 turn right靠左 keep left
靠右 keep right慢驶 slow  速度 speed超速 excessive speed速度限制 speed limit
恢复速度 resume speed禁止通行 no through traffic  此路不通 blocked
不准驶入 no entry不准超越 keep in line ; no overhead不准掉头 no turns
让车道 passing bay回路 loop  安全岛 safety island  停车处 parking place
停私人车 private car park只停公用车 public car only不准停车 restricted stop
不准滞留 restricted waiting  临街停车 parking on-street 街外停车 parking off-street
街外卸车 loading off-street当心行人 caution pedestrian crossing
当心牲畜 caution animals  前面狭桥 narrow bridge ahead  拱桥 hump bridge
火车栅 level crossing修路 road works 医院 hospital儿童 children  学校 school
寂静地带 silent zone非寂静地带 silent zone ends  交通管理 traffic control
人山人海 crowded conditions拥挤的人 jam-packed with people  交通拥挤 traffic jam 1234567891011121314151617181920
水泄不通 overwhelm顺挤 extrusion direct冲挤 extrusion impact  推挤 shoved
挨身轻推 nudging让路 give way粗心行人 careless pedestrian
犯交通罪 committing traffic offences  执照被记违章endorsed on driving license
危险驾驶 dangerous driving    粗心驾车 careless driving 
无教员而驾驶 driving without an instructor 无证驾驶 driving without license
未经车主同意 without the owner"s consent  无第三方保险 without third-party insurance
未挂学字牌 driving without a "l" plate    安全第一 safety first 
轻微碰撞 slight impact  迎面相撞 head-on collision  相撞 collided
连环撞 a chain collision  撞车 crash  辗过 run over
肇事逃跑司机 hit-run driver  冲上人行道 drive onto the pavement

cars never takes the place of（取代）bicycles
bicycles, as a means of transport, are indispensable companions（不可取代的伴侣）of most chinese. each chinese family possesses （拥有）at least one bicycle. china is therefore called “the bicycle kingdom”. the popularity（普及）of bicycles in china, i think, is mainly due to the economy of the country and its people. china, as one of the developing countries, has no financial potential（经济潜力） to expand its roads and to manufacture （生产）so many cars to satisfy（满足） the need of so many chinese.
   compared with cars, bicycles, however, have their own distinctive advantages（独特优势）. firstly, they are very convenient（方便的）. for their small size, they do not need special parking space. they can be parked almost everywhere. for their light weight, they can be carried upstairs and downstairs. secondly, driven by man power, they don’t need fuel. hence they have nothing to do with air pollution and energy crisis. finally, as china is still a developing country, most people can afford a bicycle rather than a car.
    with so many advantages, bicycles will remain to be an important means of transport in china in the many years to come. but i think with the rapid development of chinese economy, more and more chinese will own a car though cars will never completely substitute(取代) bicycles in the future.
【自学探究】
一、 预习p 6—p7，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。
1.过去和现在                                        2.与某人一起玩
3.不再                                              4.做个历史课题1234567891011121314151617181920
5.在过去的一百年里                                  6.收集信息
7.不同形式的运输                                    8.画时间线
9.从……到……                                      10.轻轨
二、完成p7，parts a、b练习。
三、查找资料，了解更多的交通工具的英语名称。
1. _______________________________    2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________    4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________    6. _______________________________
7. _______________________________    8. _______________________________
9. _______________________________    10. _______________________________
【教案】
教学内容 8b unit 1 welcome to the unit 课型 新授课
教学目标 1. to introduce the present perfect tense generally.
 2. to introduce the different forms of transport at different times in hong kong.

教学重难点 1. to introduce the present perfect tense generally.
  2. to introduce the different forms of transport at different times in hong kong.

教学方法 task-centered approach
教具准备 课件
教学步骤 教师活动 学生活动 个性化补充
step 1: free talk
 in the past, hobo and eddie were
 good friends. but now something
happens between them. do you want
to know what’s wrong with them?
step 2: presentation
read the dialogue, and find out the answers to the following questions.
1)what was in the bowl an hour ago?
2) what did eddie do?      
3) why did he do that thing?      
4) why does hobo think eddie has
changed?
explaining the new tense :
the present perfect tense
  eg: 1) have you seen my food?
(see—saw—seen)
     2)i’ve (i have) eaten it.
(eat—ate—eaten)
     3) we have not seen him for a
long time ……        
4) how has he changed?
let ss read the dialogue in pairs. 1234567891011121314151617181920
step 3:  presentation
1. show the pictures . discuss them with the ss.: what’s the use of it?
   where do you usually see it?
    is it a special one? why?
 which transport do you like best?
2. write the correct names under the pictures.
step 4: practice
     finish part b (back to the past)   &  complete the timeline.

 进行free talk
1. what time is it?
2. are you hungry?
3. would you like something to eat?
4. which is your favourite food? 导入到comic strips的教学。
帮助学生了解现在完成时态

让学生合上书，听磁带，回答问题。
1) what was in
the bowl an hour
ago?
2) what did eddie
do?      
3) why did he do
that thing?  
4) why does hobo
think eddie has changed?

布置学生分角色朗读并表演对话。

合上书，让同学完成下面的小短文，巩固、加深对话内容的理解。
hobo’s food ____ in the _____ an hour ago. but it isn’t there now. why? eddie has just ______ it because he was ______. hobo thinks eddie has ______ and he is _____ bad now. he doesn’t want to _____ with eddie any _____.
出示图片，让学习交通工具名称
 学生回答问题

学生合上书，听磁带，回答问题。
 
分角色朗读并表演对话。

合上书，完成下面的小短文。
观察图片，学习交通工具名称
 
作业设计 1. 背诵本课的单词与词组
2. 完成《导学案》上本课时的作业
3. 预习reading，完成预习作业
板书设计                      8b unit 1 welcome to the unit
past and present      an hour ago      play with       transport at different times
over the past 100 years    not...any more
see-saw-seen   be(am,is,are)-was,were-been  eat-ate-eaten   change-changed-changed  
现在完成时 have/has+过去分词
教学反思 

【当堂巩固】
一、根据句意和首字母提示补全单词
1. the f__       __ leaves france at 10 o’clock.
2. i have been there many times in the p__       __ .
3. i’m afraid i can’t help you at p__       __.
4. if you miss the t__       __, there is another one hour later.
5. if there is no electricity, the t__       __cannot move.
6. the p__       __is going to land(着陆).
二、用的适当形式填空
1. welcome to my party. just help ___________(you) to the food and drink.1234567891011121314151617181920
2. he is really _________(interest) in maths.
3. _________(luck), he passed the exam.
4. don’t you think life is ___________(good) than before.
5. it is __________(healthy) to eat too much fat food.
6. i think it’s ___________(possible) for a primary school to solve that junior high maths problem.
7. it is ___________(polite) to ask a woman how old she is.
8. i __________(like) football, but i like basketball very much.
9. we should not be ______________(honest).
10. he feels ___________(happy) because he has no friends.
三、动词的适当形式填空.
 1. _________he ever____  ____(be) to beijing?
 2. his father________________(teach)at this school since ten years ago.
 3. they lived in the country when they got_____________(marry).
 4. he was late and____________(miss) the last train.
 5. some day, you___________(feel) sorry for this thing.
 6. i have never ___________(visit) hongkong before.
 7. don’t forget ___________(post) the letter for me.
 8. we’d better ______________(try) our best to study.
 9. we used to _______________(swim) every day when we were children.
 10. i _____________(know) the man for many years.

reading
背景知识
               history of beijing
beijing is an ancient city with a long history. back in 3000 years ago in zhou dynasty, beijing, which was called ji at the moment, had been named capital of yan. thereafter, liao, jin, yuan, ming and qing dynasty all made beijing their capital. therefore, beijing was famous for "capital of a thousand years". the long history leaves beijing precious cultural treasure. winding for several kilometers in beijing area, the great wall is the only man-made structure that could been seen in the space. the summer palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the forbidden city is the largest royal palaces in the world. tiantan is where the emperor used to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of chinese ancient constructions. the four sites above has been confirmed world cultural heritage by unesco. however, the best representatives for beijing are the vanishing hutongs and square courtyards. through hundreds of years, they have become symbol of beijing"s life. tian"anmen square being still brilliant today with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to present a brand new visage of beijing. as beijing has been confirmed home city of olympics XX, the spirit of "green olympics, scientific olympics and humanized olympic" will surely bring more and more changes to beijing, promote the development of sports and olympics in china as well as in the world, and strengthen the friendly communications between chinese and foreign people. 1234567891011121314151617181920
                值得一记的北京名胜的英文名称
华表ornamental pillars  人民英雄纪念碑the monument to the people"s heroes
毛主席纪念堂chairman mao memorial hall  人民大会堂the great hall of the people
乾清宫the palace of heavenly purity  坤宁宫the palace of earthly tranquility
御花园the imperial garden  九龙壁the nine dragon screen 回音壁echo wall
祈年殿the hall of prayer for good harvest  颐和园the summer palace
佛香阁the tower of buddhist incense  十七孔桥the 17-arch bridge
谐趣园the garden of harmonious interests居庸关juyongguan pass
北海公园: beihai park  故宫博物院: the palace museum
革命历史博物馆: the museum of revolutionary history天安门广场: tian’anmen square
保和殿: the hall of preserving harmony  中和殿: the hall of central harmony
午门: the meridian gate乾清宫: palace of heavenly purity
紫金山天文台: purple and gold hills observation 紫禁城: the forbidden city
御花园: imperial garden  颐和园: summer palace天 坛: temple of heaven
少年宫: the children’s palace 烽火台: the beacon tower
人民大会堂: the great hall of the people清东陵: easten royal toms of the qing dynasty
民族文化宫: the cultural palace for nationalities  护城河: the moat
劳动人民文化宫:worker people’s cultural palace北京工人体育馆:beijing workers’ stadium
故宫 the palace museum天坛 the temple of heaven长城: the great wall
八达岭长城 the great wall at badaling居庸关长城 the great wall at juyongguan pass
慕田峪长城 the great wall at mutianyu司马台长城 the great wall at simatai)
明十三陵 the ming tombs北海公园 beihai park雍和宫 yonghegong larmasery
白云观 the white cloud taoist temple北京孔庙 beijing confucius temple
国子监 the imperial college圆明园 the ruins of yuanmingyuan
周口店北京猿人遗址 peking man site at zhoukoudian世界公园 beijing world park
中华民族园 chinese ethnic culture park 中华世纪坛 china century altar
【自学探究】
一、 预习p8—p11，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。
1. 从那时起                              2. 在……的南部
3. 在市中心         4. 改变许多                           
5. 变为          6. 一个很严重的问题 1234567891011121314151617181920
7. 在某些方面                            8. 像以前一样经常
9. 有时；不时地                          10. 对……采取行动                       
二、完成课本p10—p11， parts b、c、d练习。
三、单词拼写
1. the ______________ of goods by air is very expensive. (运输)
2. most of the _____________ (wife) do housework at home.
3. i felt very ______________ (please) when i met my old friend.
4. the little girl lost her toy bear, so she cried ___________. (sad)
5. we lived together until 1997 when i got ___________. (marry)
6. ____________ (pollute) was a big problem in this city ten years ago.
7. he lost his wallet. he was _____________. (luck)
【教案】
教学内容 8b unit 1 reading 课型 新授课
教学目标 1. to grasp some useful expressions
2. to retell the main idea of the text
教学重难点  to understand the use of some words through the exercises.
教学方法 task-centered approach
教具准备 课件
教学步骤 教师活动 学生活动 个性化补充
step 1: free talk
where is your hometown?
has it changed a lot?
can you tell us something about the changes to your hometown?
as you know, i am a teacher now. but five years ago, i was a teacher, too. so i have worked here for 3 years. i think our school changed a lot. do you think so? everything has changed a lot?
step2: presentation
have you been to beijing? now, look at some pictures of it. witness great changes to it over 100 years. show pictures .
step 3: reading
1. would you like to listen to mr chen, daniel’s grandpa? play the tape for ss 2 times. answer the following questions.  
how long has mr chen known sunshine town?   
did mr chen live there all the time? why?   
does mr chen think the place changed a lot?   
what are the differences between the past and present?
2. check the answers if they can not answer.
3. explain some difficult points.
in fact. 实际上i thought this answer was right. in fact ,it’s wrong.
live together/there  一起生活  live on the fifth floor
get married to sb. = marry sb. 与某人结婚。
e.g.: tom got married to mary last year =tom married mary last year.  1234567891011121314151617181920
they got married last year.
until 直到…   not …until 直到…才
e.g. : he did his homework until 7
o’clock yesterday evening.
he didn’t do his homework until
7 o’clock yesterday evening.
change a lot 
change v. 改变our city has changed a lot  .             
change n. 变化，零钱great changes have taken place in our city .
( the changes to sunshine town , the
answer to…, the key to…the entrance
to…)
turn…into…把……变成……  
turn into变成
4. ask ss to read in pairs and try to act it out.
step4: practice
1. do the exercise on page 10 b
 match the words on the left with the meanings on the right.
2. finish off the exercises of partc1,2 on p10-11.(t/f).correct the sentences.
step 5: homework 
finish part d on page 11 free talk，
1) where is your hometown?
2) has it changed
a lot?
3) can you tell us something about the changes to your hometown?
导入reading部分内容。

安排学生快速阅读reading 部分
1.回答下面的问题
what’s the main idea of the passage?
2.让学生找出陌生的单词，教师讲解，带读生词并完成p10 b部分的练习。

深度阅读，并回答下列问题
1.when did mr. chen’s family move to sunshine town?
2. where did mr. chen live before 1965?
3. how many people lived in the sunshine town in the past?
4. why did mr. chen move last year?
5. were there any shops in the sunshine town in the past?
6. what did people say about the shoe factory?
7. does mr. chen think life is better now? why?

安排学生听录音跟读课文

布置学生完成part b,c,d的练习，并检查答案

学生回答free talk的问题，

学生快速阅读reading部分，回答问题；

学生找出陌生的单词，听老师讲解

深度阅读，并回答下列问题
听录音跟读课文

学生完成part b,c,d的练习，并检查答案

作业设计 背诵本课的单词与词组
完成《导学案》上本课时的作业
板书设计                      8b unit 1 reading
                     times have changed
since then     over the years    in some ways    from time to time
move house   get married     in the center of town
turn ...into...     reduce the pollution    feel a bit lonely
教学反思
【当堂巩固】
一、根据中文提示完成句子
 1. let’s make a plan to stop the noise__________(污染).
 2. ______________(不幸地是), his leg was badly hurt last sunday.1234567891011121314151617181920
 3.the plane landed _________(安全地)last night.
 4. we decided to make an ____________(采访) with our principal.
 5. there are many_________(新鲜的)ftuits in the fridge.
 6. the city is famous for the big_____________(塔).
二、适当形式填空
1. i ______________ (know) tom for two years.
2. she ___________ (work) in a food shop in the past.
3. noise pollution was a problem before__________ (close) of the old airport.
4. it’s nice ____________ (play) chinese chess with her.
5. the plane landed ______________ (safe).
三、翻译句子
1．mike和mary下个月结婚。
_________________________________________________________________
2．自从我12 岁时，就认识amy的母亲。
_________________________________________________________________
3．这个地方已改变了许多。
_________________________________________________________________
4．我和姐姐住在同一街区。
_________________________________________________________________

vocabulary
【自学探究】
一、 预习p12，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。
1. 会见某人                             2. 在这儿小住一段时间
3. 为……感到高兴                       4. 见证阳光镇的变化
5. 搬迁到公园附近                       6. 想念他的老朋友
7. 看起来很健康                         8. 告诉我他的未来计划
二、完成课本p12上的练习。
三、写出反义词
first---                 love---           noisy---    
day---                 beginning---       rich--- 
big---                 interesting---       short---
【教案】
教学内容 8bunit 1 vocabulary 课型 新授课
教学目标 to know some opposites.
to master the prefix which makes the word has the opposite meaning.
教学重难点 to learn to use the right adjectives in a certain context.1234567891011121314151617181920
教学方法 task-centered approach
教具准备 课件
教学步骤 教师活动 学生活动 个性化补充
 step1: revision
1. questions about reading:
(1) how long has mr chen lived in sunshine town?
(2) when did he move house?
(3) what did people have in the town in the past?
(4) what has the centre of town become?
(5) can you say something about the pollution of sunshine river?
2. discussion:
do you think people’s lives are better now? why do you think so?
step 2: presentation
1. sunshine town has changed into a new place. in the past, it was difficult for people to travel because there were not many kinds of transport. now it is easy to go from one place to another. however, mr chen is not very happy. sometimes he feels sad because he cannot see his old friends very often. many of them have moved to other areas.
2. get the ss to find out some opposites:
  old—new, difficult—easy, happy—sad
step 3: opposites
1. ask the ss to read the form on p12 and check if they all understand. if not, explain.
2. ask the ss to find out some rules.
3. find out the prefixes: im-, in-, un-, dis-.
step 4: practice
 安排学生回答问题复习reading

让学生在笔记本上造句，请3-4人在黑板上写， 教师进行点评，帮助学生复习学生学过的反义词。（所写的句子中必须要出现一到两对反义词或反义词组。）
例：my book is new, yours is old.
turn on the radio and turn off the tv, there will be some important news.

进一步复习和巩固学生对反义词的掌握，进行小竞赛，让学生进行强答，完成下面词的反义词。
cheap easy fast good happy
high hot new same long
complete correct healthy honest kind like lucky pleasant polite possible

让学生总结出p12表格中形容词反义词的规律，教师进行小结：指出形容词反义词的前缀im-; in-; un-; dis-

 学生回答问题复习reading

学生在笔记本上造句，请3-4人在黑板上写， 教师进行点评，帮助学生复习学生学过的反义词。

学生进行强答小竞赛，完成下面词的反义词。

学生总结出p12表格中形容词反义词的规律

教师小结：形容词反义词的前缀im-; in-; un-; dis- 
作业设计 背诵本课的单词与词组
完成《导学案》上本课时的作业
板书设计 un-  comfortable  friendly  able  popular  welcome  fit  tidy  clear  safe
dis-  appear
in-  infamous
ir-  regular
-less  helpful---helpless  useful---useless   careful---careless
    
教学反思

【当堂巩固】
一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. simon is an__       __ (honest) boy, we don’t want to play with him.
2. jack can’t pass the exam, he felt__       __ (happy) for that.1234567891011121314151617181920
3. oh, i’m very__       __ (lucky). the bus just left one minute ago.
4. it’s __       __ (polite) for us to speak loudly to the old.
5. bob, you are ___       __ (kind) to me. you never help with my housework now.
二、单项选择
(   )1. the price of this mp3 is so _    __ , i won’t take it.
a. expensive      b. low         c. large         d. high
(   )2. the climate(气候) in kunming is_    __ . you’ll feel comfortable all over the year.
a. uncomfortable   b. cold        c. pleasant       d. hot
(   )3. the school life in china is_    __ from that in britain.
a. same           b. difficult      c. different       d. simple
(   )4. the passage is_    __for us to read. there aren’t any_    __words in it.
a. difficult; new      b. easy; new   c. difficult; difficult  d. easy; easy
(   )5. we got to the cinema late because of the _    __traffic.
a. light             b. large         c. heavy         d. big
(   )6. to my disappointment(失望), the swimming pool was _    __ for the whole time during our stay.
a. closed            b. open         c. busy          d. clean
三、用动词的适当形式填空.
1. i heard the earth _       __ (be) round.
2. i often helped my mother _____  ____(do) the cooking.
3.there ____  ____(be) a class meeting tomorrow afternoon.
4. __________we_____ ___(go) out for a walk?
 5. miss wang __________(teach)us english last year.
 6. mr hu ____________(teach) us english since 5years ago.
 7. ---where is tom? ---he___________(go) to the library.
 8. _________you ____  ___(see)any films recently?
 9. i __________________(learn) a lot about english since i came to this school.1234567891011121314151617181920

grammar（a）
【自学探究】
一、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词，同时也要熟记。
    1、teach  _______ ________  2、bring _______ ________ 3、get _______ ________
4、know _______ ________   5、grow_______ ________  6、find_______ ________ 
7、hold _______ ________    8、show_______ ________  9、keep_______ ________
    10、leave_______ ________   11、lose_______ ________  12、run_______ ________
13、swim_______ ________   14、drive_______ _____    15、begin_____ ______
二、完成课本p14、15练习。（parta1&parta2）
三、尝试着阅读下面的知识链接，看看是否可以理解。
【知识链接】
 现在完成时的“完成用法”
一、现在完成时的结构： 助动词 have / has + 动词的过去分词 ( past participle )
    其中 have / has 为助动词,因而它的否定和疑问句形式全部由 have / has 进行变化。
   例如:  a.  he has already finished his homework.     他已经做完了家庭作业。
             否定句：____________________________________________________
( already 用于肯定句中, 改成否定和疑问句时用 yet ，一般放句末)
             一般疑问句：________________________________________________?
         b.  his father has been to beijing three times.     他父亲去过北京三次了。
             否定句：____________________________________________________.
             一般疑问句：________________________________________________?
             提问：______________________________________________________?
二、现在完成时的"完成用法"
a、定义：现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：he has turned off the light.                               他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
　 b、特点：现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。1234567891011121314151617181920
　　   例如： have you found your pen yet？                  你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
请尝试着做以下的练习   
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. i_______ already ____  ___ (see) the film.  i __________ (see) it last week.
2. --- _______ he _________(finish) his work today ?  ---not yet .
3. ---_______you _________(be) to hong kong ?  ---yes, i __________ (be) there twice .
4. ---_______ you  ever ________(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? --- no, never.
5. my father _______ just __________ (come) back from work. he is tired now.
【教案】
课题 8b unit 1 grammar (a) 课型 新授课
教学目标 1.to know the present perfect tense.
2.to master the structure of the ppt.   
3.to learn the differences between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.
重难点
分析 to know the differences between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.
学情分析 学生已经掌握了一般过去时和过去进行时这两种描述过去情况的时态，对于现在完成时的学习有一部分学生误以为它仅局限于过去，因此容易和一般过去时混淆，在教学过程中需要巧妙地点拨。
教学方法 情景教学法,归纳法.
教具准备 课件
教学步骤 教师活动 学生活动 个性化补充
step1: revision
questions about reading:
(1) how long has mr. chen lived in sunshine town? (he has lived in sunshine town since he moved there with his family when he was two years old.)
(2) when did mr. chen get married?(in 1965)
(3) there have been many changes in this town. what has the centre of town become?(it has become a park. )
(4) how does mr. chen feel from time to time?(he feels a bit lonely)
step 2: presentation
1. present these two answers:
 (1)he has lived in sunshine town since he moved there with his family when he was two years old.
 (2)it has become into a park.
2. ask the ss some questions and pay attention to their answers:
(1) how long have you lived in this town?
(2) how long have you studied in this school?
(3) how long have you studied english?
(4) what have studied these days?
(5) where have you been recently?
3. remind the ss of the differences between the simple past tense and the ppt. and discuss how to form present perfect tense.
step 3: present perfect tense
1. we use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past.
we use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and still have some connection with the present.1234567891011121314151617181920
2. how the ppt. formed.
(statements,negative statements, ask and answer questions)
3. how to form vp.p. and more examples of regular and irregular verbs.
step 4: practice
1. practice the dialogue on p15
2. finish the exercise. show the students these questions and ask them answer them. 

ask the students pay attention to these answers and answer some more questions. they can discuss them with their partners first.

let them discuss how to form present perfect tense and then show their answers.

ask them to show their answers, group by group.
show two pictures to explain the differences between them.

write the structure of present perfect tense:
have/has + v p.p.

check the answers and ask them to practice the dialogue.

check the answers.
 using what they have learnt before and try to answer these questions.

they discuss these questions with their partners.

they work in groups and show their answers at last.

show their answers.

practice in pairs

act the dialogue out.

review the structure of present perfect tense. 
作业设计 4. 背诵本课的单词与词组
5. 完成《同步导学》上本课时的作业
3.  复习巩固现在完成时的用法
板书设计 8b unit1 grammar(a)
(1)he has lived in sunshine         (1) have/has + v p.p.
town since he moved there with     (2)have/has+not+vp.p.
his family when he was two years
old.
                                   (3)have/has sb.+vp.p. ?
yes,… have/has.
no, … haven’t. /hasn’t .  
(2)it has become into a park.

【当堂巩固】
一、选择填空
1. i _    __ at this school for two years.
  a. am studying    b. study       c. studied      d. have studied
2. mary ________ to see the films because she __    __ it twice.
  a. won’t go, saw   b. won’t go, will see   c. won’t go, has seen  d. didn’t go, sees
3. he has a computer of his own. he _    __ it two days ago.
  a. bought        b. bought       c. bought       d. has bought
4. he _______ his homework and is now listening to music.
  a. finishes        b. has finished       c. finish     d. is finishing 1234567891011121314151617181920
5. ---what a nice bike! how long _    __ you _    __it? ---just five weeks.
  a. will; buy     b. did; buy         c. are; having       d. have; had
二、词汇运用
1. peter ___________ (go) to the library just now.
2. how long ____  ____ you ___________ (learn) english? for three years.
3. i am afraid you ___________ (forget) the important letter, haven’t you?
4. my father _______________(not come) back yet. my mother and i are worried about him.
5. do you know how long it _____________(be) in service?
三、完成句子
1. 你乘过飞机旅行吗？
_____________________________________________________.
2. 在过去的几年中，我们城市有了很大的变化。
_____________________________________________________
3. 我也有同样的感觉。
_____________________________________________________
4. 我喜欢下课后和别的朋友们聊天。
_____________________________________________________
5．他最近收到他父母的信了吗？
_____________________________________________________

grammar(b)
【自学探究】
一、 预习p16/17，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。
查字典，写出下列单词的意思,并且熟记他们。
   1、already _____________    2、yet ________________  3、just ___________________
4、ever _________________  5、never _____________   6、before _________________
二、完成课本p17练习。
三、尝试着阅读下面的知识链接，看看是否可以理解。
【知识链接】
                        现在完成时的"未完成用法"
　  1、定义：现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：he has lived here since 1978.          自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
　 　         i have been in the army for more than 5 years.  我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
　　2、特点：此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。
　　    例如：i have heard nothing from him up to now.   到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
　　    注意：(1) 现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。1234567891011121314151617181920
　　          (2 ) 现在完成时常见两种句型：
　　              ①  主语＋have / has been＋for 短语/ since 短语  
②  it is＋一段时间＋ since 从句
例如： he has been in the league for three years.
 = it is three years since he joined the league.         他入团已三年了。
请尝试着做以下的练习   
1.  i _____________ (work) here since i __________ (move) here in 1999.
2.  ---how long ____  __ the smiths ________(stay) here? --- for two weeks.
3.  she ____________ (be) ill for three days.
4.  she____________ (not read) this book before.
5.  __   __ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before?

3. a. for  和表示一段时间的词组连用。
eg. for six hours/nine days/ two weeks/thirty years
b. since 和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用，这是介词。
eg. since nine o’clock this morning / last summer/ three weeks ago/september
since 还可以引导时间状语从句，表示“自从…..以来”，这是连词。
eg. 自从他出生以来，他就住在这儿。he has lived here since he was born.
   ______ three months    ______ two weeks ago,  _______ 1998,  ______last sunday
4、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
   英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
    终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
5、延续性动词的用法特征
　　a. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：i have learned english since i came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
　　b. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：it raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：it began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-when did you get to know jack?　-two years ago.　
-then you’ve known each other for more than two years.　-that’s right.
6、终止性动词的用法特征
　　a. 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：1234567891011121314151617181920
the train has arrived.火车到了。
have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？
　　b. 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1) 他死了三年了。 误：he has died for three years.
正：he has been dead for three years.  正：he died three years ago.
正：it is three years since he died.      正：three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：he has come here for five days.
正：he has been here for five days.     正：he came here five days ago.
正：it is five days since he came here.   正：five days has passed since he came here.
　　(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：
　　(1) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away from, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
　　  (2) 将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
　　  (3) 用句型"it is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
　　  (4) 用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
　　3. 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：　he hasn’t left here since 1986.　i haven’t heard from my father for two weeks.
　　4. 终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。
如：you can’t leave here until i arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
i will not go to bed until i finish drawing the picture tonight.
今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。
　　5. 终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：when we reached london, it was twelve o’clock. (reach为终止性动词)
　　  please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
　　6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：
误：how long have you come here?    正：how long have you been here?
正：when did you come here?

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