[2019山西中考英语语法填空]2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

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常见习惯用语
（一）　知识概要 
由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： you are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： your english is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 thank you 虽然交际英语 有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。
（二）　正误辨析 
［误］ - what can i do for you?
- yes， please help me 
［正］ - what can i do for you?
- i"d like to buy a sweater 
［析］ what can i do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。
［误］ - which colour do you like?
- sorry， i don"t like 
［正］ - which colour do you like?
- i prefer blue 
［析］ 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 yes， i like it
［误］ do you like to come with us tonight? 
［正］ would you like to come with us tonight? 
［析］ do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： do you like swimming? do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：
shall we go? 我们走吧!
let"s go? 让我们走吧!
how about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
what about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?
why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?
其肯定答语一般为certainly， yes， o．ｋ．　all right， with pleasure
［误］ sorry， i"ve kept you waiting
not at all 
［正］ sorry， i"ve kept you waiting
never mind 
［析］ "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：
- do you mind my smoking here?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
ａ．　yes， do it please
ｂ．　no， of course not
ｃ．　yes， take it please
ｄ．　no， you can"t take it
这时正确的选择应是b。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而a选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而 d选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：
do you mind if i open the door?
would you mind mailing the letter for me
其答语如果是同意应为： certainly not， not at all
而不同意时应为 yes， 或 i"m sorry
［误］ what"s that man?
he is mike 
［正］ what"s that man?
he is a teacher 
［正］ who"s that man?
he is mike (he is mike"s father) 
［析］ 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。12345678
［误］ - how much are they?
- half a kilo， please 
［正］ - how many bananas do you want?
- half a kilo please 
［析］ how much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。
［误］ i"m sorry， but is this the way to the park? 
［正］ excuse me， but is this the way to the park? 
［析］ i"m sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。
［误］ - have a good time tonight!
- you are the same 
［正］ - have a good time tonight!
- the same to you 
［析］ the same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。
［误］ - what"s the problem?
- i"ve got a headache 
［正］ what"s wrong with you?
i"ve got a headache 
［析］ what"s wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 what"s the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。
［误］ - now， i"m back can i play?
- perhaps you"d better do your homework first 
［正］ - now， i"m back can i play?
- i"m afraid not you"d better do your homework first 
［析］ perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： am i right? perhaps而 i"m afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：
i"m afraid that you are right
其后直接加宾语从句。
- will you come to my birthday party?
- i"m afraid not i have to go to see my father he is in hospital
其后＋not，表示否定。
- sor ry， i don"t want to go there alone， i"m afraid of the dog
其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。
mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam
其后＋ of ＋ 动名词，表示害怕做某事。
mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn"t do well in the exam
其后＋ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。
［误］ - how soon will you be ready?
- two days 
［正］ - how soon will you be ready?
- in two days 
［析］ 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 how soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 how long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。
［误］ - would you mind if i have some time off?
- i don"t mind
- monday and tuesday of next week 
［正］ - would you mind if i have some t ime off?
- when exactly
- monday and tuesday of next week 
［析］ 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 i don"t mind 是可以用来回答 would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。
［误］ suppose your name is tom the phone rings and you pick it up the first word you say will probably be "who are you?" 12345678
［正］ suppose your name is tom the phone rings and you pick it up the first word you say will probably be "hello? this is tom speaking?" 
［析］ 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"who"s that(speaking)?"但不要讲"who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"this is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"i"m　××××"也不要讲"my name is ×××××．"　就语法而论，"who are you?" "i"m ××××""my name is ×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。
［误］ - do you think it"s going to rain over the weekend?
- i don"t hope so 
［正］ - do you think it"s going to rain over the weekend?
- i hope not 
［析］ 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 i think so i hope so i believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 i don"t think so 但i don"t believe so 和 i don"t hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 i believe not 和 i hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!
［误］ - is anybody there?
- no， bob and tom have asked for leave 
［正］ - is everybody there?
- no， bob and tom have asked for leave 
［析］ 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前 ，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 no， bob and tom have asked for leave
［误］ - your handwriting is very good!
- no， my handwriting is very poor 
［正］ - your handwriting is very good!
- thank you 
［析］ 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖 你或赞美你时，就应说： thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 where are you going? 或 have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： hello! how are you going? (你过得怎样) morning! 等。而 good morning 和 how do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。
［误］ when you have had dinner with an american friend and want to leave you may say： "excuse me i"ll go first" 
［正］ when you have had dinner with an american friend and want to leave you may say： "excuse me i have to go" 
［析］ 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 i"ll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 i have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。
［误］ - would you like to come to dinner tonight?12345678
- i"d like to， and i"m too busy 
［正］ - would you like to come to dinner tonight?
- i"d like to， but i"m too busy 
［析］ i"m too busy 与 i"d like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。
［误］ - where"s deter?
- deter will come with us tonight but he isn"t very sure yet 
［正］ - where"s deter?
- deter may come with us tonight but he isn"t very sure yet 
［析］ 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。
［误］ - hi， haven"t seen you for ages! you look fine!
- great you look well too 
［正］ - hi， haven"t seen you for ages! you look fine!
- thanks you look well too 
［析］ 要注意的是 great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。
（三）　例题解析 
1　 - would you like to have some rice?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　yes， i like b　yes， please c　of course d　yes， i have

［答案］ b.
［析］ 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 yes， please 如不想接受则用no， thanks
2　 - nice to see you
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　good morning b　happy to meet you， too 
c　nice to see you， too d　pleased to meet you， too

［答案］ c.
［析］ 虽然a、b、d三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。
3　 - would you please give me some water?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　yes， i would b　certainly c　no， thanks d　yes， please

［答案］ b.
［析］ 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而yes， please 为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。
4　 - thank you very much for helping me
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　you"re welcome b　it doesn"t matter
c　no need d　don"t say that

［答案］ a.
［析］ you"re welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 it doesn"t matter 则为：没关系。
5　 - hello， lucy how are you?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ and you?
a　fine， thanks b　yes， i am
c　glad to meet you d　good afternoon

［答案］ a.
［析］ 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 how are you? 的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"
6　 - help yourself to some meat
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　it sounds nice． b　yes， please． 
c　yes， let"s help each other． d　thank you．

［答案］ d.
［析］ help yourself to some meat． 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。12345678
7　 - oh， i am not feeling well i"ve got a cold
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　fine， how are you? b　never mind take care 
c　well， i "m sure to get weel soon． d　i"m sorry to hear that

［答案］ d.
［析］ 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而b、 c则是中国人常讲的答语。
8　 - meimei you speak english very well
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　no， i don"t think so b　thank you very much
c　not good enough d　that"s all right

［答案］ b.
9　 - "kate， could you answer the telephone， please?"
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ , mum i"ll get it．
a　yes， i could b　no， thanks 
c　ok d　yes， but i have no time

［答案］ c.
［析］ 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。
10　 - could you look after polly for me while we"re away?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　no， thanks． b　with pleasure． 
c　i"m not afraid． d　i"m sure you will．

［答案］ b.
［析］ with pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。
11　 - hello! could i speak to the headmaster， please?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　hold on， please． b　that"s the headmaster， please． 
c　who are you ? please． d　sorry i"m not the headmaster．

［答案］ a.
［析］ hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。
12　 - happy birthday!
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　thank  you． b　the same to you． 
c　good luck． d　congratulations．

［答案］ a.
［析］ the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。
13　 - i"m sorry i don"t know the way， either you"d better ask that policeman for help
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　good night． b　that"s nothing． 
c　very well． d　thank you all the same．

［答 案］ d.
［析］ 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。
14　 - i fell and hurt my leg last week， so i can"t do anything
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　i"m sorry b　don"t worry
c　good luck d　bad luck

［答案］ d.
［析］ 如果用a则要用 i"m sorry to hear that而不能单用 i"m sorry 因i"m sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。
15　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
- i have got a cough
a　what"s your trouble? b 　what have you got? 
c　why did you come here? d　have you got a cough?12345678

［答案］ a.
［析］ what"s your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 what"s wrong with you?
16　 - would you like to go shopping with me?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　yes， i"d love to． b　that"s right．
c　yes， please． d　quite well．

［答案］ a.
［析］ 表示愿意作某事应讲：i"d love to i"d like to
17　 - what"s the weather like today!
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　it"s nice for a walk． b　i like autumn best of all．
c　it will be fine tomorrow． d　it"s rather cold today．

［答案］ d.
［析］ 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选d
18　 - is jane in ，please? i want to speak to her
- sorry， she is out you"d better ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　visit her in the office b　call her later 
c　see her this afternoon d　speak to her yourself

［答案］ b.
［析］ call her later 晚些时候再来电话。
19　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
- very well， thank you， and you?
a　how do you do? b　good morning 
c　how are you these days? d　how do you like english?

［答案］ c.
［析］ 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： how do you do? 的答语应为 how do you do?
20　 - how is your mother?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　she is old． b　she is no better than she was． 
c　she is kindhearted． d　she is in her forties．

［答案］ b.
［析］ how is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而b选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。
21　 - thank you very much for your help
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　you"re welcome b　please don"t
c　there"s no trouble d　no， no

［答案］ a.
22　 your uncle has taken you to the cinema afterwards you thank him
he says " ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．"
a　it was nothing b　i"m glad you enjoyed it 
c　don"t say it d　no， needn"t

［答案］ b.
［析］ 这是英语的答语，千万不要选a，因它是中文习惯的答语。
23　 - thank you for your good present
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　it"s not good b　no， no
c　my pleasure d　never mind

［答案］ c.
24　 when someone did a good deed for you， you should say ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a.you are too good b.it"s very kind of you  c.you are very kind d.i"ll thank you
［答案］ b.
25　 - i am very sorry i am late for dinner 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a.no， you aren"t b.that"s all right  c.yes， you are d.no， you don"t
［答案］ b.
［析］ that"s all right 没关系。
26　 - i"m sorry if i hurt you
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　i"m sorry b　it"s not true 12345678
c　it doesn"t matter d　don"t say sorry

［答案］ c.
27　 - i should have gone to see the exhibition with you 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　i"m sorry b　what a pity 
c　it doesn"t matter to me d　that"s terrible
［答案］ b.
［析］ what a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。
28　 - help yourself to some fish
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　you are very kind b　yes， i"m helping myself 
c　thank you d　yes， don"t worry about me
［答案］ c.
29　 - are you ready?-______ ．
a　i"m very sorry b　try to be patient 
c　not yet， wait a minute d　do you have the time， please?
［答案］ c.
［析］ not yet 意为还没有完成。
30　 - mum， i have passed the exam
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　that"s all right b　congratulations
c　you are luck d　good luck to you
［答案］ b.
31　 - i think i have to leave i hope we can get together again 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　all right b　that"s all right
c　ok d　i hope so， too
［答案］ d.
32　 must i wait till he comes back?  ．
a　no， you needn"t b　no， you mustn"t 
c　no， you may not d　no， you can"t
 ［答案］ a.
［析］ must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 needn"t 表示没有必要做。
33　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ i pay you the house rent right away?
- yes， you have to do it
a　shall b　way c　must d　have
 ［答案］ c.
34　 - don"t you think this colour is too bright? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　yes， i agree． b　yes， but i don"t think so． 
c　yes， of course not． d　yes， what"s wrong?
［答案］ a.
35　 - it was cold yesterday
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　so was it b　so it was
c　i believe not so d　i believe not
［答案］ b.
［析］ 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： i went to the cinema yesterday so did i 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。
36　 - what do you think of the song?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　i like music very much b　i like it too 
c　with pleasure d　it sounds sweet
［答案］ d.
［析］ sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。
37　 do you like tea or coffee? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　yes， i do b　thank you
c　that"s fine d　either will do
［答案］ d.
［析］ either will do 为两者哪个都可以。
38　 i like your sweater very much ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　no， it"s ugly b　sorry 12345678
c　thank you d　you"re welcome
［答案］ c.
［析］ 这是英美语言的习惯。
39　 he likes travelling by train  ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　so do i b　i dos
c　i like so d　i like it， neither
［答案］ a.
40　 - how do you like your school?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　i like it very much b　it"s very beautiful
c　i doesn"t like it d　very well
［答案］ b.
［析］ how do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。
41　 what a nice day!  ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
a　you"re right． b　no， isn"t it?
c　yes， isn"t it? d　really?
［答案］ c.
［析］ yes， isn"t it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗?
42　 - hello， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
- this is della speaking
a　who are you b　are you tom 
c　who is that d　please tell me who are you
［答案］ c.
［析］ 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。
43　 -what"s he like? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　he likes english b　he is old 
c　he is like a farmer d　he is tall and this
［答案］ d.
［析］ 要区分 what"s he like? 如 what does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。
44　 how did you do your job? 
not very well， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　i"m sure b　i am afraid
c　thank you d　i"m sorry
［答案］ b.
［析］ i am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。
45　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ your aunt?
-she is a principal of a middle school
a　what does b　where does
c　what is d　whom is
［答案］ c.
46　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
- he is my boss
a　what"s the man? b　who is the man? 
c　how is the man? d　what does the man do?
［答案］ b.
47　 - may i have your name? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　no， no b　you"re polite
c　call me john d　it"s kind of you

［答案］ c.
48　 - shall i make coffee for you? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　yes， thank you b　no， don"t  trouble 
c　don"t trouble this， thank you d　no， don"t make it

［答案］ a.
49　 - could you show me the way to mr buown"s office?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　not at all b　i"m sure
c　all right d　i can do it

［答案］ c.
50　 - shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
a　it"s very kind of you b　you are so thoughtful 
c　that"s a good idea d　yes， we"ll go

［答案］ c.12345678

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