unit11课后答案_Unit11keytosuccess

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整体感知单元要点

word study1:criterion 2:comrade 3:summay 4:percentage 5:questionnaire 6:colleague 7:suspect8:temporary9:coach 10:uncertain 11:expectation 12:division 13:rugby 14:compromise 15:exsite 16:regulation 17:bureaucratic 18:dynamic19:shortcoming20:embarrass 21:contradictory 22:resign 23:actual 24:definite 25:congratulate 26:smooth 27:finance 28:combination 29:bride 30:shame 31:hand-on1．标准 2.尺度 3.总结 4.百分比 5.调查表  6.同事 7.怀疑  8．暂时的 9.教练10.不确切的、无把握的 11.期待 12.分割 13.（英）橄榄球 14.妥协 15.使兴奋16.规章17官僚的 18动态的 19.缺点20.使尴尬 21.互相矛盾22.辞职 23.真实的 24.确切的 25.祝贺 26.顺利的 27.财政（学28结合、 29.新娘30.羞耻 31.亲自实践的

useful expressions1.stick with 2.through thick and think 3.pull out of 4.cater to 5.in reality 6.keep an eye on7.take sth into account 8.as a whole 9.once again 10.live unto1.保持联系 2.不顾艰难 3.从。。。中退出 4.满足某种需要或要求5.事实上 6.照料、照管 7.考虑8。普遍来说作为整体 9。再一次 10。依照。。。行事、做到

sentence patterns and

communicative

english1.      how to offer one’s proposal2.      asking for help3.      sentences patterns:①    it is necessary to work with others.②    what if you feel comfortable about doing a task by yourself?③    not only will these qualities make you rise in the eyes of others but you will also feel better about yourself.④    no matter how hard you try,it is no use for everybody to try to pursue the same career.topic＆writinga passage on the test. “how to make teams function well?”背景知识

i will keep it upi was honored to be the excellent student in dongcheng district, peking, in XX.this will either be an acknowledgement on my past achievements, or an encouragement to my future studying. the honor  is the results of fostering of everyone in my school and my parents.since i was a child, i liked to play basketball. it attributed to my father who entered the professional basketball team in pla at his 14.he has engaged in this job for 20 years and played the games for national team alone for 14 years. he, himself, won so many honors for our country and was also chosen to be the international master sportsman and asian basketball star through public appraisal. his career imprinted on my mind deeply. he required me to watch every important games on tv. he told me to observe the spirits of players, the exciting, happy and solemn expressions of the players in the flag-raising ceremony and the boiling spots on spectators. all of these made me realize that basketball was not just a game to stay healthy, what’s more, it could not only extend everyone’s national prestige, but also motivate the emotions of national people. i made up my mind to play basketball well since then to win the honor for our motherland.123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627the leaders and coaches in dongzhimen middle school made my dream come true. when i was a pupil in jinan, i didn’t take part in any amateur training during the vacations until grade 6 because there was no school team and any practical opportunity. i lived in peking with my parents in XX.breaking a rule, i was recruited by dongzhimen middle school as a special student because of my height. thus, i joined the school team there. i fell behind the others at the beginning because i couldn’t finish the training tasks for my poor basis and extra weight. under this circumstance, the headmaster encouraged me to establish the confidence. the coach required me to catch up with my companions and made a scientific program for me. their love impelled me to do more. i should do the following: to watch everyone’s merits more, to observe the role of the center and how she performed, to draw a lesson during my each fault and to achieve the strict requirements of the coach with more practice on skills and tactics. the training was very hard, but i insisted on. i made my improvements through one year’s training and took part in many matches. we won the gold in “19th kwangwei cup” of middle school group in peking，XX. i personally reached the ⅱ scale player level through the investigation and was entitled to the title of “the ⅱscale player”.in order to adjust to the development of the condition, i realize that i must be a good player with fine cultural scores. i can deal with the contradictions well between studying and training, though there are 3 and a half hours’ training everyday. i can understand my teachers in class and finish homework in time. i can make the best use of the vacations to review my lessons and preview the subjects in next semester.  make up my mind to keep it up.i realize that i still have a long way to go though i was honored. but this won’t be a finishing point, but a beginning. i will work hard in my studying and training in future. i believe i can climb up a new step under the expectations and helpfulness of my coaches and teachers.

细说教材warming up what criteria do you use to accept people as friends?你使用什么标准来接纳人作为朋友？[点拨]  criteria是criterion的复数形式，表示“评判或作决定的标准、原则”的意思。e.g.: what criteria are used for assessing a student’s ability.用什么标准来来评定一个学生的能力？do you with your friends through thick and thin?你会不顾艰难困苦和朋友不分离吗？[点拨] stick v. (stuck—stuck)① push sth into sth  将---刺入、插入；刺戳、插入123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627the nurse stuck the needle into my arm.护士把针扎入我的胳膊。don’t stick your fingers through the bars of the cage.不要把指头伸进笼子里。i found a snail sticking in the tyre.    我发现轮子上扎了一根钉子。②粘贴、粘住he stuck a stamp on the envelope.他把一张邮票贴在信封上。③放置stick your bags down there..把你们的包搁到那儿吧。④卡住、陷住the key has stuck in the lock..钥匙卡在锁里了。⑤容忍、忍受 （通常用于疑问句和否定句；接人/物）i don’t know how you stick that job .我不知道那活儿你怎么受得了。▲    stick  n枝条、枯枝、火柴辊儿、木棍we collected dry sticks to start a fire .我们捡了些枯枝生起火来。the old lady leant on her stick as she talked .老太太说话时时拄着拐棍。▲    stick with ①紧跟、不离开please stick with him if you want to get help .②持续、坚持   相当于continue with / continue doing they decided to stick with their original plan .他们决定继续执行原来的计划。▲stick to 坚持（计划、原则、决定、诺言等）if you stick to the truth ,you have nothing to fear .如果你坚持真理，你就没有什么好怕的。[点拨] through thick and thin “不顾艰难险阻”、“赴汤蹈火”、“同甘共苦”he has supported the team for over ten years through thick and thin .十多年来，他不顾艰难支持这个队。what is the moment for you to pull out of a friendship ?你在什么时候退出和朋友的友谊。[点拨] pull out of  “脱离”、“使退出”they are pulling their troops out of the war zone.他们正从战区撤出军队。listeningwhat type of media do you read ?你读哪类媒体信息。[点拨] media 是medium的复数形式，常加定冠词，表示“传播媒介”或“媒体”。the media后虽说应用复数动词，但也可用单数动词。e.g.: the media are (is) to blame for starting the rumors.引起这些谣言得怪媒体。2. media n. [c] “媒介物”、“介体”e.g.: the atmosphere is a medium for sound waves.大气是声波的媒介物。e.g.: copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的优良导体。fill in the most important percentages mentioned in the text .填写出文中提到的最重要的百分数。[点拨] percentage“百分比”多与of连用。作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式还是复数形后面名词的单复数决定。what percentage of babies die of this disease every year?每年死于这种疾病的婴儿占多少个百分比？per cent，也可写成 percent ，表示“百分之”的含义，多与of连用。如果作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式。about 90 percent of most food is water .大部分食物中约有百分之九十的水。i paid him six per cent interest .我付给他百分之六的信息。…and match their listening behavior to the statistics in the bar chart below 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627把听的结果和下面条形表中的统计数字搭配起来。[点拨]  statistics“统计学”为单数含义；还可表示“统计数学”“统计资料”，这时为复数含义。statistics is a rather modern branch of mathematics .统计学是数学一个相当现代的分支。statistics show that there are more boys than girls at school.统计数字表明学校的男生比女生多。speaking…one of your other colleagues who is known to have stolen things in the past is suspected of having stolen the camera.你的一个大家都熟悉的过去曾经偷过东西的同事被怀疑偷了这个相机。[点拨] to have known 是动词不定式的完成时，表示先于前面动词发生的动作。动词不定式的进行式表示和前面动词同时进行的动作。e.g.: he pretended to sleep right now. 他假装着立即去睡觉。    he pretended to be sleeping. 他假装着正在睡觉。    he pretended to have just slept. 他假装着刚睡醒。[点拨]  suspect 用法如下： 1.      suspect: v. 疑有、觉得（某事要发生）e.g.: if you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.   假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。 e.g.: i began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me.   我开始察觉出，他们试图摆脱掉我。 2.      suspect: v.怀疑、感觉有问题、不信任。i suspected her motives in offering to help.他主动要帮忙，我怀疑他的动机。3.      suspect: v.怀疑某人有罪，这时注意固定短语。       suspect  sb. of sth. /doing sth..  4.      suspect: 还可作名词，“嫌疑犯”、“嫌疑分子”suspected. 作形容词：“被怀疑的”the company cater to various restaurants in the city where you live.这家公司满足你所生活的城市里各类饭店的需求。[点拨] cater for/to…“提供”、“迎合”    cater for 指给人们提供正当需求的东西。    cater to 指给人们提供不合适的、不健康的东西。    e.g.: tv programmers usually cater for all tastes.电视通常提供各种不同趣味的节目。some tabloid newspapers cater to low tastes.        有些小型报纸迎合低级趣味。while working there you discover that the management does not take proper measures to ensure hygiene and safety of food products.在那儿工作时你会发现管理者没有采取恰当的措施来保证食品的卫生和安全。 [点拨]   while working there… 这是一个省略了主语和be动词的从句，完整句子是：while you are working there…英语中，有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语等的从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语和句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627e.g.: look out for cars when you are crossing the street.过街时注意车辆。e.g.: if it is not well managed, electricity can be harmful.如果管理不善，电还可能有害处。e.g.: she hurriedly left the rooms as though she was angry.   她急匆匆的走出房子，好像很生气的样子。e.g.: if it is impossible, i should like to have two copies of it.可能的话，我希望有两本。 如果这类从句的主语和它所修饰的非谓语动词的逻辑上的主语一致时，也可作这样的省略。e.g.: she advised me not to say anything until i was asked.她劝我别说什么，除非有人要我说。[点拨] ensure “保证”、“确保”   动词前缀“en-”可以和名词、形容词构成动词。   endanger 危及、危害   encircle  环绕、围绕   encourage 鼓励   enlarge   扩大   enrich    使丰富   enable    使能够to go there and come back by bike will only take about half an hour…骑自行车来回仅用半个小时的时间。[点拨] 此句可改为：it will only take (him) about half an hour to go there and come back by bike.reading:is it necessary to work with others?有必要和其他人合作吗？[点拨] 句中的it没有具体意义，只是形式主语，代替真正主语to work with others，并且后移，使句子显得平稳一些。借助it作形式主语并后移的主语有三种：不定式，动名词和从句。e.g.: it is our duty to attend to this matter.处理这件事是我们的责任。e.g.: it is no use talking to him about it.和他谈这事没有用。e.g.: it was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。e.g.: it seems that comrade wang’s idea is more practical.看起来老吴的意见更实际一些。what if you feel comfortable about doing a task by yourself?要是你一个人完成一项任务感到很舒服又会怎么样呢？[点拨]  what if…表示“要是。。。会怎么样呢？”相当于what would happen if…?   e.g.: what if the train is late? 火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？   e.g.: what if she forgets to bring it? 要是他忘记带来会怎么样呢？…it sometimes feels as if we are being asked to work in teams for the sake of just that.有时候学校让人感到好像我们一直被要求为了团队协作而协作。[点拨]  for the sake of 为了。。。起见，因。。。的缘故。e.g.: they stayed together for the sake of the children.为了孩子，他们还呆在一起。school life is a preparation for our working days to come.学校生活是为后来的工作岁月而准备的。[点拨]  preparation 相关的短语preparation for 为。。。的准备in preparation 在准备中make preparation for sth. 为。。。准备make preparations to do为。。。准备（注意此短语preparation用复数）[点拨]  prepare v. 动词  相关短语如下：1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526271.      prepare sth./sb. for sb./sth.为。。。做准备 e.g.: a hotel room is prepared for them.正在为他们准备一间旅馆客房。 e.g.: the police are preparing themselves for trouble at the meeting.      警察正在准备防范集合时可能出现的骚乱。2.      prepare to do 准备做某事 e.g.: i was preparing to leave. 我正准备离开。3.      prepare sb. to do 准备让某人做某事。e.g.: his parents prepare him to go traveling tomorrow. 他的爸妈准备让他明天去远行。 [点拨]  prepared adj.“准备好的”   相关的短语：   1.be prepared for相当于be ready for      表示“为。。。做好准备”e.g.: i was not prepared for all the problems it caused.        我对这事引起的诸多麻烦毫无防备。2. be prepared to do 相当于be  willing to do 表示“愿意。。。”e.g.: we were not prepared to accept these conditions.我们无意接受这些条件。a type of team we are all familiar with are sports teams.  我们大家都熟悉的一种团队是运动队。 [点拨] be familiar with sth.“（人）对某物熟悉”be familiar to sb. “（物）对某人来说是熟悉的”e.g.: the smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.住在面包房附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。e.g.: are you familiar with the computer software they use?你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？…and responsibilities attached to each role 依附于每个角色的责任。[点拨] 1.attached to sb./sth. 依恋、爱慕    e.g.: i’ve never seen two people so attached to each other.        我从未见过两个人如此形影不离。   2.attached to sth. 附属于，为。。。工作    e.g.: the research unit is attached to the university. 这个研究单位附属于大学。3.attach. v. to fasten or join one thing to another. 把。。。固定，把。。。附在。。。上e.g.: attach the photo to the front of your letter. 把照片附在信的正面。when forming teams to complete tasks at school, we are often hardly aware of this.在学校里，当我们为完成任务组成团队时，我们根本意识不到这一点。[点拨] aware  adj. 知道的，意识到的，觉察到的。常见短语：   aware of sth./sb.=aware that-clause 知道、意识到、觉察到  e.g.: he was well of the problems. 他很清楚这个问题。  e.g.: were you aware that something was wrong. 你有没有意识到已经出了问题？  e.g.: she slipped away without him being aware of. 她悄悄离开，没有让他发觉。…and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different personalities.123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627实践教会我们耐心，并且怎样对不同个性的人作出反应。[点拨] respond to 意思如下：  1.to give a spoken or written answer to （口头或书面）回答，回应。相当于reply to   e.g.: she never responded to my letter. 她从来没给我回过信。  2.how did they respond to the news? 他们对这一消息有什么反应。3.反应灵敏，作出正确反应the car responds very well to the controls. 这汽车操纵自如。as with sports teams, group work can only be successful when group members respect, help and support each other, while the work division is clear and each member perfoms at the right level in the role that is most suitable to him or her..体育运动队也是如此。尽管运动员分工明确，每个队员在最适合自己的位置上发挥恰当的作用，但是只有当队员们相互尊重，相互帮助，相互支持时，队伍才能取得成功。[点拨]  as with sports teams, =as/so it is with sports teams[点拨]  while 意思是“although/in spite of the fact” “虽然；尽管”之意，常置于句首。e.g.: while i am willing to help, i do not have much time available.    尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少时间。…while people who are mainly listening and commenting are often the ones to keep an eye on procedures that must be followed.而那些主要发表评论和听取评论的人经常是那些关注必须遵守的比赛程序的人。[点拨]  keep an eye on 相当于take care sb./sth.是“照看、留神、留意”之意。   e.g.: we’ve asked the neighbors to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.       我们已请邻居在我们离开时帮我们照看房子。how the tasks of the group are divided depends on the personalities and abilities of the individuals in the group.如何分配团队的任务取决于队伍中每个人的特性和能力。[点拨] 1.how the tasks of the group are divided 是由连接副词how引导的主语从句   e.g.: when we shall have our sports meet is still a question.       =it is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.   e.g.: whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.       =it won’t make too much difference whether he will join us.   2.主语从句还可由what等代词引导，这一情况不使用it作形式主语   e.g.: what you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多的练习。   e.g.: whatever wad said here must be kept secret.这里说的任何话都应当保密。   3.主语从句还可以由连词that引导。这一情况大多将主语从句后置，而it用作形式上的主语，口语中that可以省略   e.g.: it’s not your fault that this has happened.发生了这样的事不是你的错。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627[点拨] 1.depend on/ upon  “依靠”“靠。。。决定”   e.g.: the town depends solely on its tourist industry. 这座城市完全依靠它的旅游业。   e.g.: his success depends upon effect and ability.他是否成功取决于他的努力和能力。   2.it depends/ it depends+从句  固定用法，译为“得看情况”    e.g.: —are you going?“你去吗？”        —it all depends. “得看情况”    e.g.: it depends what you are willing to pay. 得看你愿意付多少钱。    e.g.: it depends where you live. 得看你住在哪儿。to make the best of working with our classmates, it is important to recognize their strengths and weaknesses.为了尽力与同学们合作，认可他们的优势和弱势是很重要的。[点拨] 注意下列短语：1.      make the best of sth./ doing sth.=try one’s best to do“尽力而为做某事”2.      make the most of “充分利用，尽情享受”   e.g.: it’s my first trip abroad so i’m going to make the most of it.       这是我第一次出国，我要充分利用这个机会。3.      make use of  “利用（时间，物体）”make full /good use of “充分（好好）利用”make the best use of “最佳利用…”e.g.: please make full use of your spare time to earn some money.请充分利用空闲时间赚点钱。4.      make much of sb./ sth. “重视；认为…很重要” 相当于 treat sb. as very important.   e.g.: he always makes much of his appearance.他总是非常在意他的外表。[点拨]  recognize v. 也可写成recognised  此处译为“（正式）认可、接受、赞成”    e.g.: he is recognized/ recognised to be their natural leader.人们都承认他是他们当然的领袖。integrating skills:   she had herself independent, and was able to manage for finances.她已经独立，能够很合理地支配自己的经济收入。  [点拨]  manage 此处意思是“to use money, time, information,etc, in a sensible way”  “明知的使用（金钱、时间、信息等）”e.g.: don’t tell me how to manage my incomes.用不着你来告诉我怎样使用我的收入。  [点拨]  finance 作为不可数名词，意思是“资金”“财政、金融、财务”。finances是复数形式，表示“（个人、组织、国家的）财力、财源、财务管理”e.g.: finance for education comes from taxpayers.教育经费来自纳税人。e.g.: the minister of finance财政部长    the finance director财务主任e.g.: it’s about time you sorted out your finances.现在是你整顿财务状况的时候了。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627…she decided to put that to good use.她决定有效地利用那些钱。  [点拨]  put sth. to good use 意思是“有效地利用（使用）”相当于make good use of sth.e.g.: she’ll be able to put her languages to good use in her new job. 她在新工作中应该可以好好运用她会的各种语言。this time she decided on a practical course to learn how to do make-up.这次她决定学一门如何化妆的实际课程。[点拨] 1.make-up此处为名词，有“化妆”之意   2.make yourself/ sb. up“化妆”“上装”[点拨]  make up    1.“构成，形成”     e.g.: women make up 56% of the students numbers.女生占学生人数的56%。   2.“编造故事（或谎言等）”     e.g.: he made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.。他编造了一些借口，说他的女儿病倒了。   3.“补上失去的东西，做出补偿；弥补”常用短语make up of     e.g.: nothing can make up for the loss of a child.失去一个孩子是任何东西都无法补偿的。     e.g.: after all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间   4. 相关短语     make up to sb. for sth. 对某人表示歉意，给予补偿     make up to sb. 献媚，奉承，讨好某人     make up with sb. 同某人言归于好many people tend to listen to their parents or to their teachers and they often have expectations are hard to live up to.许多人往往听父母或老师的意志，他们常常拥有一种很难实现的期望。[点拨] 1.tend to do 此处译为“往往会”“常常就”     e.g.: women tend to live longer than men.女人往往比男人长寿。     e.g.: when i’m tired, i tend to make mistakes.我累了就容易出错。   2.tend to/ towards sth.      e.g.: his views tend towards the extreme.他的观点趋于偏激。     e.g.: prices have tended downwards over recent years.近年来物价趋于下降。   3.tend (to) sb./sth. 相当于care for sb./sth.“照料”“照管”“护理”     e.g.: doctors and nurses tended the injured.医生和护士护理受伤者。[点拨]  live up to “达到；符合；不辜负（他人的期望）”     e.g.: he failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.他辜负了父母的期望。…but is going to university really the idea career for most people?但是上大学真的是大多数人的理想前途吗？[点拨] 这是一个疑问句。going to university 是动名词做主语。it is well-known that at the age of 17 to 18, many people dream of going to university.123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627众所周知，在十七、八岁时，很多年轻人梦想上大学。[点拨]  it is well-known that-从句：能用这种从句做主语的带it的结构，常见的有下面几点：  1. it is+ 抽象名词+that-从句    e.g.: it is a shame that none of us has passed the test.        我们没有一个人通过这次测试，太不好意思了。  2. it is+ 形容词+that-从句    e.g.: it is natural that there is thunderstorm in summer. 夏天有雷雨是很自然的。  3. it+ 动词+that-从句    e.g.: it happened that the electricity was off. 当时碰巧停电。  4. it +be + 过去分词+that-从句    e.g.: it was reported that XX olympic games would be hold in beijing. 据报道，XX年奥运会将在北京举行。  5.这类主语从句也可用连接副词或哦连接代词引导。    e.g.: it doesn’t matter whether he will come to the party or not.         他是否来参加晚会无关紧要。    e.g.: it is not decided who will take charge of the company.         谁来掌管这家公司还没有定下来。 [点拨]  dream of sth./doing : “梦想做某事”no matter how hard you try, working towards a career for which you are not suitable is not going to get you there. 无论你多么努力尝试，朝一个不适合的职业奋斗你不会有结果。[点拨]  no matter how hard you try, 相当于however hard you try, 引导让步状语从句，类似的短语有：  no matter who /what /which /where /when 相当于whoever /whatever /whichever /wherever /whenever  但前者只充当状语从句，后者可充当状语从句，主语从句，宾语从句。 e.g.: whatever (no matter what) you say, i won’t believe. 不管你说什么，我决不相信你的话。e.g.:  i’ll eat for whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. 你给我什么我就吃什么。it’s no use for everybody to try to pursue the same career.每个人都追求同一职业是没有用的。[点拨]  it’s (no) use doing  一般不使用it’s (no) use to do  类似的有：   it’s (no) good doing  不使用it’s (no) good to do  但可以说it’s (no) use /good for sb. to do…by following your own interests will ensure that you arrive at the best possible station in life.遵循自己的兴趣，你保证会达到人生可能达到的最佳位置。[点拨] 这是一个以by介词短语放在句首的倒装句。自然语序是：you will ensure that you arrive at the best possible station in life by following your own interests.people have different personality types, and connected to these types are different learning styles.人们拥有不同的性格类型，和这些不同性格类型相关联的是不同的学习风格。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627[点拨] 这是一个将表语connected to these types前置的倒装句，自然语序是…and different learning styles are connected to these types.these characteristics combine in unique ways in each person, forming personality types, each made up of different inner processors and ways of functioning in the world.这些性格特征以特有的方式融合在每个人的身上，形式不同的性格类型，各种性格类型是由不同的内心变化和外部各种方式作用的结果。    [点拨] each made up of different inner processors and ways of… 是独立结构，做伴随状语，修饰forming personality types。 独立结构常由—名词（或代词）和另一成分构成的复合结构担任。常见的复合结构有下面几类：        名词/代词+分词/形容词/不定式/介词短语/副词      e.g.: he lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. 他脸朝天，头枕着手躺着。      e.g.: he entered the room, his nose red with cold.           他鼻子冻的通红地走进房来。        独立结构根据其在句子中的不同状语成分，可替换为相应的状语从句。如上两句是伴随状语，可改为并列句。      e.g.: he lay on his back, and his hands crossed under his head.      e.g.: he entered the room, and his nose was red with cold.      e.g.: spring coming on, the trees turned green.  (时间状语)          =>when spring comes on, the trees turned green.  (改为时间状语从句)           春天来了，树都绿了。grammar

the inversion      英语语序有两种：一种是自然语序，即主语在谓语前；一是倒装语序，谓语在主语前。到状语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装，即整个谓语放在主语前；部分倒装，即位于的一部分放在主语前       e.g.: in came a man with white beard.（全部倒装）忽然进来一个白胡子老头。       e.g.: only in this way will you complete the program..只有这样你才能完成这项任务。      倒装语序的使用有下列几种情况：     1.疑问句：     e.g.: how are you been getting along? 你们相处的怎么样？     e.g.: has she left her telephone number with you? 她给你留下了电话号码了没有？     当疑问句是句子主语时，不倒装。     e.g.: who invented the new machine? 谁发明的这个新机器。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627    2. there be…句型     e.g.: there have been many such uprising in our history. 我国历史上发生过好些这样的起义。     e.g.: is there going to be a film tonight? 今晚有电影吗？    3. 由there, now , then 引起，谓语为come, go, follow的句子。     e.g.: there comes the bus! 汽车来了！     e.g.: now comes your turn! 现在轮到你了。     e.g.: then followed eight years of the anti-japanese war. 接着是八年抗战。      如果主语是代词，仍用自然语序：     e.g.: there he comes!    4. 由here引起，谓语为be的句子：     e.g.: here is china’s largest tropical forest. 这里是中国最大的雨林。     e.g.: here are some picture-books. 这儿是一些连环画。      如果主语是代词，仍用自然语序：      e.g.: here we are. this is our new school. 咱们到了，这儿是我们的新学校。5.由so 引起的肯定句表示前面所描述的情况也适用于另一人或东西。e.g.: society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了，人也跟着变了。   i do will in studies, so does mary. 我学习很好，玛丽也很好。 注意so后的助动词要和前一分句保持一致，若一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管用so开头，语序也不要倒装。e.g.: —it was cold yesterday.    —so it was!     昨天天气很冷。           是很冷。6. 由neither, nor引起的否定句，表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人或东西。要求和so引起的肯定句倒装相同。   e.g.: —i won’t do such a thing.    —nor (neither) will i.       我可不做这样的事。        我也不做。  e.g.: if you won’t go, neither /nor /shall i. 如果你不愿意去，我也不去。7. 以never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等引起的句子，常倒装：  e.g.: often did we warm them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。  e.g.: not until quite recently did i have any idea what a guided missile was like.     直到最近我才有点知道导弹是什么样子。8. so /such…that…结构中，若so / such 置于句首，句子倒装：  e.g.: so loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.      他声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。  e.g.: such a wonderful book is it that sells very well. 如此好的一本书，以致十分畅销。1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526279.当一个句子没有宾语而主语又比较长，常可将状语提到句子前头，同时谓语也放到主语前面，句子全部倒装，开始这类句子的主要是介词短语：  e.g.: along the river banks stood lines of tall trees. 沿着河岸是成排的大树。  e.g.: in front of the building lies a beautiful garden. 楼前是一个美丽的花园。10.可以把表语和系动词提到主语前面，表语可以是：  ① 介词短语    e.g.: on the other sides was northern sin kiang. 在另一边是北疆。  ② 形容词    e.g.: very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report. 农民生活中很重要的一件事是无线电天气预报。  ③ 副词    e.g.: below is a restaurant. 下面是一家餐馆。  ④ 过去分词    e.g.: shown together with these products were ship and plane models. 和这些产品一道展出的还有轮船和飞机模型。  ⑤ 现在分词    e.g.: lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen. 躺在地板上的是一个17岁的男孩 11. 在描写一个情景时，有时为了使景象生动，我们可以把out, in, up, down, away之类的状语放在主语前面，同时把主语和谓语全部倒装。    e.g.: up went the arrow into the sky. 飕的一下箭射上了天。    e.g.: out rushed a tiger from along the bushes, following the roar. 一声吼叫，呼地从林子里冲出一只老虎。   若主语是一个人称代词，谓语就仍然放在后面。    e.g.: away they went. 一下他们几走了。 12. as引导的让步状语从句中，可以把表语提到主语前面：    e.g.: cold as the weather was, it couldn’t cool our enthusiasm for work..       尽管天气很冷，却不能冷却我们的劳动热情。    e.g.: child as he is, he can speak four languages. 尽管是个孩子，他却能讲四种语言。 13.省略了if的虚拟条件句：    e.g.: had i been informed earlier, i could have done something. 要是早点告诉我，我也许能想点办法。 14.某些让步状语从句：e.g.: come what may, we’ll always stand by you. 转换: no matter what may come, we’ll always stand by you.不管发生什么情况，我们都要站在你们一边。15.表示祝愿的一些句子：   e.g.: long live the friendship! 友谊万岁！   e.g.: may our motherland become prosperous and strong! 祝祖国繁荣昌盛！

习题对话ⅰ.1.in reality  2.temporary  3.contradictory  4.co-operate  5.keep an eye on6.taking into account   7.short-comings    8.shamed themselvesⅱ.1.coach      2.dynamic          3.shortcomings    4.keep an eye on1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526275.division   6.misunderstanding  7.temporary      8.in realityⅲ.1.among 2.male  3.number  4.of   5.graduate 6.to  7.as   8.choose9.in  10.have  11.only   12.chose   13.ones  14.were    15.on16.are  17.but   18.based   19.with    20.than

考题档案1.【上海04】    snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.a.     not only they brought  b. not only did they bringc. not only brought they   d. not only they did bring2. 【江苏XX】i will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will     .a.     anyone  b. anyone else  c. no one  d. no one else3. 【重庆XX】 i failed in the final examination last term and only then   the importance of studies.a.     i realize  b. i had realize  c. had i realize d. did i realize4. 【上海XX】 only when your identity has been checked,      a.     you are allowed in  b. you will be allowed in c. will you allow in   d. will you be allow in5. 【上海XX】generally speaking,    according to the directions, the drug was no effect.a.     when taking  b. when taken  c. when to take  d. when to be taken6. 【上海XX】it is pretty well understand    controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and the atmosphere today.a.     that  b. when  c. what  d. how7. 【上海XX】“i don’t think it’s my   that the tv blew up, i just turned it on, that’s all.” said the boy.a.     error  b. mistake  c. fault  d. duty8. 【上海XX】broadly speaking, i would agree with shirley, though not   .a.     widely  b. thoroughly c. entirely d. extensively9. 【XXnmet】the old couple have been married for 40 year and never once    with each other.a.     they had quarreled  b. they have quarreled  b.     have they quarreled d. had they quarreled10. 【上海XX】--dad, i’ve finished my assignment.        --good, and   you play or watch tv, you mustn’t disturb me.a.     whenever b. whether c. whatever d. no matter12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262711. 【北京XX】    time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.a.     having given  b. to give c. giving d. given12. 【上海XX】having been attacked by terrorists,     .a.     doctors came to their rescue  b. the tall building collapsedb.     an emergency measure was taken d. warnings were given to tourists13. 【江苏XX】--how long did are you staying?        --i don’t know.     a.     that’s ok b. never mind c. it depends d. it doesn’t matter.14. 【上海XX】--will you go skiing with me this winter vaction?   --it     .a.     all depend b. all depends c. is all depended d. is all depending15. 【上海XX】--you forget your purse when you went out.        --good heavens,    .a.     so did i b. so i did c. i did so d. i so did

参考答案1.选b.  2.选b.句中的anyone指一切人,但前半句已指出“我当时不知道他头脑里在想什么”，当然要将“我”除外. 3.选b  4.选d  5.选b   6.选c 7.选c 8.选c 9.选c 英语中表否定意义的词位于句首，如: hardly, never, seldom, scarcely.句子要用倒装语序。  10．选b11.选d 考查分词做状语的知识。推敲“give time”和“he”的关系，不应该是他给别人时间，而是被给予，得到时间的话，他会成为遗留的网球选手，因此，选过去分词表示被动语态。12．选b选c  a项意为“没关系”，b项“不要紧” c项“视情况而定”  d项意为“没关系”。 13. c  14．选b  15．选b   

一课一测

（检测自己的能力）

a级（基础训练）i：单项选择。1．----how do you____ your friends____?   ----it is not easy to clear that up .   a. keep; through thick and thin           b. go on with; thick and thin    c. stick with; through thick and thin       d. stick to; with thick and thin2. the criteria ,____used to judge a three—good student ,____out of date.   a. which is , is                        b. which are ,are          c. that are , is                         d. that are , are 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526273. statistics _____.   a. have been added up                  b. has been added up    c. have added up to                    d. has added up to 4. the clerk ____ a thief once had to leave the co-operation.   a. who is suspected of being             b. suspected of being   c. who was suspected to be              d. suspecting to 5. ----____my advice ?  ----____.  a. what dose she follow ,it depends on .     b. what if she will follow , it will depend .  c. when dose she follow , it all depends.     d. what if she follows, it depends.6. he prepared her daughter _____a lawyer while she was ____ an career of an engineer.  a. to be ,preparing for                   b. for ,prepared for   c. with , prepared for                    d. ×,prepared with 7. are you familiar ____ the school _____ the university?  a. with , attached to                    b. to ,attached to   c. with , attached with                  d. to , attaching to 8. we have asked the neighbors to ____the  house for us while we are away for holidays which of the following is not proper ?  a. make reparations to                  b. start at   c. keep an eye on                      d. take good care of  9．— how does the plan _________ you ?   —if only it could be carried out smoothly．       a．hit                     b．strike                 c．beat                  d．impress12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262710．________, the book has many mistakes．       a．having not been written carefully      b．not writing carefully       c．having written not carefully              d． not having been written carefully

b级（创新提高）i. 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项1．he must have lost his watch at the moment, _______ he  ?       a．didn’t                b．mustn’t              c．hasn’t                d．needn’t2．—dear frank, when will our wedding be ?    —“ah, when ? god knows!” he said, and ________ away from her, walked rapidly away．       a．turning               b．turned                c．urn                    d．to turn3．—let’s go shopping after school．       — ________ call for me at any time．a．that depends．                                b．hold on, please． c．what for ?     d．sounds good．4．this candidate has far more chances of winning the election than _________ recommended by the organizer．   a．that                   b．the one              c．whom                d．one5．— where have been all day ?       —we _____ some beautiful children and we couldn’t get away from them until it was dark．       a．meet                  b．have been met   c．met                   d．have been meeting1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526276．no sooner______ arrived ______he was asked to leave again．       a．he had; than       b．had he; than       c．he had; when     d．had he; when7．—have you ever been to beijing?            —no, but i wish i _________．       a．have                  b．will                    c．had                   d．do8．he was a man of strong feelings,________ normally lay hidden deep inside him．       a．it                       b．that                    c．which                d．those9．everything was all right again．________ , they all went back to work．       a．happily             b．instead              c．generally           d．besides10．__________ you may be right, i can’t altogether agree．       a．as                    b．while                c．if                      d．since11．so forcefully _________ that we were all convinced．       a．he did speak                                 b．he spoke                                     c．did he speak     d．that he spoke12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262712．—now that you like the garden so much, why not buy it ?  —well, i can’t afford ________ garden．       a．such big a          b．that big a           c．a big that           d．so a big13．the house rent is high, i’ve got about half of the space i had at home and i’m going to pay ________ here．       a．as five times much                             b．as much four times       c．much as four times                            d．four times as much14．—hello, will you please put me through with room 302 ?   —hold on please,…oh, the guest in room 302 _________ two hours ago．       a．checked in         b．checked out      c．checked up       d．checked away15．—shall mary come and play computer games?   —no, ________ she has finished her homework．       a．when                 b．if                       c．unless                d．once

ii. 完形填空

    the task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students. long    1    they graduate from high school, these students take special   2   to prepare for advanced study. they man also take one of more examinations that test how   3  prepared they are for the university. in the final year of high school, they  4    applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to   5   .some high school students may be   6    to have an interview with people from the university. neatly   7    and usually very frightened, they are   8   to show that they have a good attitude and the   9     to succeed. 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

when the new students are finally    10  , there may be one more step they have to  11    before registering for classes and 12     to work. many colleges and universities   13    an instruction program for new students.  14      these programs, the young people  15     to know the procedures for registration and student advising, university rules, the   16    of the library and all the other   17    services of the college or university.

    beginning a new life in a new place can be very   18  .the more knowledge students have    19   the school, the easier  20    will be for them to adapt to the new environment. however, it takes time to get used to college life.

  1. a. as                  b. after           c. since            d. before

  2. a. courses       b. majors         c. subjects         d. textbooks

  3. a. deeply           b. widely         c. well                 d. much

  4. a. finish         b. provide         c. complete          d. organize

  5. a. attend                  b. study           c. belong           d. become

  6. a. considered            b. ordered         c. suggested         d. required

  7. a. coated                  b. dressed          c. worn                d. appeared123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

  8. a. decided          b. settled          c. intended             d. determined

  9. a. power        b. ability           c. possibility         d. quality

  10. a. received            b. accepted         c. permitted       d. recognized

  11. a. go               b. do              c. take                  d. pass

  12. a. getting         b. putting           c. falling          d. sitting

  13. a. offer               b. afford           c. grant                  d. supply

  14. a. for          b. among         c. in               d. on

  15. a. have             b. get                     c. ought                d. need

 16. a. application     b. usage                   c. use              d. using

  17. a. major               b. key            c. great          d. famous

  18. a. amazing        b. misleading           c. alarming         d. puzzling123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

  19. a. before            b. about                   c. on                   d. at

  20. a. they                   b. that              c. which           d. itiii. 阅读理解

awe are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it. any society which is interested in equality of opportunity（机会）and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. the standards may be changed - no examination is perfect - but to have no external( 外部的 )tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. there are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. this would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency（实力）,the ideal and the purpose of each teacher. without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them - a form of favoritism will replace equality. at the moment, the bright child from an ill - respected school can show certificates（证书）to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well - respected school. this defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school"s fame（名誉）,unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored school. the opponents（对手）of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. according to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. they have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. the selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer. 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627these people are not just against school organization, but are at war with the whole idea of modem competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive（破坏性的）purposes. there is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organized when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society as a whole. 1. according to the passage, the writer thinks that ________. a. changing the standards could mean the end of equality b. standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality c. there would be no standards without external examinations d. we cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect 2. in the writer"s opinion, what would happen if external examinations were taken away? a. there would be no more opportunities and no more excellence. b. children from poor families would not be able to change schools. c. going to a favored school should be the only way to get a good job. d. schools for bright children would lose their fame. 3. the situation at the moment is that ________. a. many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability b. a school"s fame is not important, as long as a child has a certificate. c. children attending well - respected schools need not get certificates. d. a bright child doesn"t need a certificate a t all to get a good job. 4. which of the following sentences is true? a. most students from poor families can"t get a good job. b. some people are using students to destroy our society. c. the writer thinks it a good way to choose a job by computer. d. the opponents of the examination want to reorganize schools. 5. the opponents would agree that _________. a. computers should be selected to take over many jobs b. particular people should not be chosen for particular jobs c. well - respected schools should be got rid of as soon as possible d. the students are not equally treated if they take external examinations

bchinese basketball players have never been so close to the nba before but questions remain about how they will adjust to life in the nba if they go.wang zhizhi, the 2.16-metre center for the bayi rockets who was chosen by the dallas mavericks two years ago, has finally received permission from authorities to travel to dallas to play for the rest of the nba season after he finishes playing in the chinese basketball association’s finals on march 25th.if he has no problems with his visa(签证),wang will be the nba’s first asian player. wang was chosen by the mavericks in the second round of the 1999 draft but the rockets, and army-run club, refused to let him go. after negotiations（谈判）between the rockets and nba representatives（代表）,the decision was made to allow wang the chance to try his hand at american basketball, but only for a period of short time. he has to be back to play in the ninth national games in november in guangzhou.123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627another center who has attracted attention from the nba is yao ming, the 2.25-meter star who has led to the shanghai sharks into the finals fight with the rockets this year. the 20-year-old’s nba dreams might be harder to realize. yao is the center of the sharks and the club’s manager bei genyuan has said that he would allow yao to go only at a proper time, for a proper team and under proper conditions.yao hasn’t been chosen yet and it is unlikely that he will be any time soon. people in the shark’s front office earlier told members of the press that “it is not proper for yao to attend the draft this year” because he has to represent shanghai in the ninth national games.even if wang and yao make it to the promised land of basketball at last, analysts on both sides of the pacific have said the nba road will be a long one for both of them. besides needing to work on their upper body strength, wang and yao will also have to adapt（适应）to the speed, techniques and above all, culture of the nba.6.yao ming has attracted attention from nba because       .a. he is 2.25 meters tall, who is the tallest basketball player in chinab. he is the center of the shanghai sharks and has led sharks into the final fight with the rocketsc. he is regarded as the best basketball player in chinad. he is thought highly of in the international world7.yao ming can play for nba if       .a. there is no problem with his visa b. nba agrees to supply favorable conditions for himc. time and conditions are proper  d. nba can pay a large sum of money for sharks8.the underlined phrase “try his hand” in the passage probably means       .a. 初试身手    b. 碰碰运气     c. 成为一员      d. 为其效劳9.nba chose wang zhizhi so that       .a. it can show nba need talents        b. wang zhizhi can have a bright futurec. its whole level will be improved      d. it can make wang zhizhi world-famous10.when wang zhizhi plays in nba, he will have to adapt to many things of nba except   .  a. rules of basketball            b. the speed.  culture                           d. techniques123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627iv. 短文改错 my brother tom was very selfish when he was a little boy. 　 he did not want share things with other people. for        1._____ 　 example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them     2._____ 　 in a secret place where i couldn"t find. then he            3._____ 　 ate it all, by himself. he never helped other.               4._____ 　 he said he is busy. that is, a game of                    5._____ 　 tennis making him very busy. he did not care             6._____ 　 if something he did made people angry. for               7._____ 　 instance. on one night he played strong and               8._____ 　 loudly music till four o"clock in the morning. but           9._____ he is difference now. he often helps grandma with         10._____  housework, helps mom with cooking and helps his classmates with their lessons.v.书面表达最近，你校同学正在参加某报社组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：中国是否应大力发展家用小汽车？请你根据下表所提供的信息，客观地介绍这两种不同的意见。

60%的同学认为：

40%的同学认为：

1．应大力发展 2．促进国家经济发展 3．增加就业机会 4．提高生活质量；方便、省时

1．应有限度地发展 2．增加城市交通拥挤，交通事故 3．修路占用土地 4．空气和噪音污染注意：1．信的开头已为你写好。2．词数：100左右 3．参考词汇：国民经济�the national economyabout the discussion we’ve had about whether china should devote major efforts to developing car industry, opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students…参考答案

a级（基础训练）  1.c  2.b  3.a  4.b  5.d  6.a  7.a  8.b  9.b  10.d

b级（创新提高）i. 选出最佳选项1—5 aadbc  6—10 bccab  11—15 cbdbcii. 完形填空

1--5. dacca     6--10. dbdbb   11—15. caacb  16—20. cadbdiii. 阅读理解1—5cabdd  6—10 bcacaiv. 短文改错1.在share前加to  2.them→it  3.where→which或that或去掉where  4.other→others 5.is→was  6.making→make  7.√ 8.去掉on  9.loudly→loud  10.difference→different 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627v. 书面表达 about the discussion we”ve had about whether china should devote major efforts to developing car industry, opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students think china should fully develop car industry. they believe this will speed up the development of the national economy. more workers will be employed. with cars the people”s life quality will be raised. they will save time and be more convenient in their life and work.on the other hand, 40% of them think china should control its car industry development. otherwise, the city traffic will be even heavier and more fraffic accidents will take place. at the same time, more land will be used for the new roads. what is more, air and noise pollution will become more serious.

  课文翻译

团队协作我们常常被要求在小的群体中工作，为什么呢？和他人协作十分必要吗？如果你独自一个人执行一项任务感到很舒服，那怎么办呢？特别是在学校，有时让人感觉到好象我们为了团队协作而协作。然而毕业之后，你就会发现在许多领域几乎所有的工作都是由群体协作完成的。学校生活只是为后来的工作岁月作准备的。一支队伍是一个为了完成一项任务而被组合在一起的个体群体。这项工作不可能由任个体成员独自一人高效率地完成。这个群体可能是临时的，或者长期地存在。一种我们大家都熟悉的团队是体育运动队。运动队由一些队员组成，他们的共同目标是为赢得比赛而一齐努力。不同队员也许拥有不同技巧。虽然教练常常不算作队员，但他的角色是商讨策略，决定队伍的组合。只有当全体队员协作，运动队才能发挥良好的作用。团队整体气氛影响全队技术的发挥。队伍内部的人际关系是重要的，让所有队员成为朋友也是没有必要的。从另一方面讲，所有队员应该互相尊重。让所有队员感到他们都做出了平等的贡献，而且相互帮助和相互支持尤为重要。运动队里每个队员能清楚，很少有队员混乱，位置不明确的情况。队员接受了角色分工，每个角色应承担的责任和所希望发挥的作用之间不会有冲突。然而，在学校我们为了完成任务组成团队时，时常意识不到这一点。在学校分组劳动是学会团队协作的机会。分组劳动使我们明白了最适合我们每一个人的角色是什么。实际劳动同时使我们感受到与他人协作的好处。它告诉我们其他人的作用是如何统一于集体的整体意图的，它教会我们耐心，教会我们怎样去应对形形色色的人。体育运动队也是如此。尽管队员分工明确，每个队员在最合适自己的位置上发挥恰当的作用，但是只有当队员们相互尊重、相互帮助、相互支持时，队伍才可能取得成功。但是，一个工程队需要的成员和一支橄榄球队的队员是完全不同的。团队需要领导，需要出谋划策的人，和评审并完善计划的人。团队同样需要明鉴问题和解决问题的人。一支小团队，队员们可能会根据他们的个性特点，身兼多种角色，敢想敢干的人常常是那些给集体带来活力的人；而那些主要发表评论和听取评论的人通常关注必须遵守的程序。有些人擅长评论，而其他人善于在激烈的争论中化解冲突，维护和平，保持和谐。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627规章制度有助于团队良好运转，但是我们应该提防团队里形成官僚作风。在团队里工作，我们必须考虑每个成员怎样最好地工作。一些人单独执行任务表现最佳，而另一些人在集体中表现最佳。如何分配团队的任务要视每个成员的特点和能力而定。在一个充满活力的团队中，性格完全不同的人们合作很好。事实上，他们的个性差异就是团队的优势所在。在学校，为了尽力与同学们配合，同时认可他们的优势和弱势是很重要的，了解别人的缺点可以帮助我们避免让他们尴尬。了解人的个性类型和能力就是多多了解这个人。在班级、工厂和家庭，缺少对人的作用差异的承认已经导致了许多误解、矛盾和精力的浪费。理解意味着我们能够构建团队队员之间稳固良好的人际关系，最佳发挥每个人的才能。  综合技能

成功的入场券在高中的最后一年，李永红知道大学生活不属于她。她的父母不想花钱让接受其它形式的教育。但是他们为她提供资金开设了一家香烟专卖店。但是，那不是她心里所想做的。相反，她请两个朋友借给她一些钱，结果她接受了一年的专业培训，成为了一名理发师。回顾过去，她庆贺自己所做的决定。理发培训结业不久，她在一家理发店找到了一份工作。一切都很顺利。随着一年年的逝去，她在好多地方工作过，结果改善了自己的状况，逐渐积累了越来越多的经验。她已经独立，能够很合理地支配自己的经济收入。两年前，她决定有效地利用自己的钱重返学校。这次她决定学习如何化装的实用课程。再次证明这是一个极好的选择。一个经验丰富的理发师结合如何为新娘新郎进行商业化装的知识使她门庭若市。李永红的故事不是一个特例。高中生活是这样的时光：不仅要发现我们擅长什么，而且要搞清楚我们真正想做什么。当还在读书时，总是不容易发现我们的优势。许多人往往听父母或老师的意见，他们常常拥有一种很难实现的期望。那个年龄许多人的理想是考上大学。但是上大学真的是大多数人的理想前途吗？众所周知，在十七八岁时，很多年轻人梦想上大学，因为他们认为大学文凭是人生通向成功和幸福的入场券。太多的人忘记了为了成功，你必须首先考察自己的天资，了解自己以便发现你真正的兴趣在哪儿。不上大学不是耻辱。不论你多么努力尝试，朝一个不适合的职业奋斗你不会有结果。思考下面的小实验。在一张纸上写你的名字。现在用你相反的一只手，那只你不常用来写字的手，做同样的事，结果怎么样呢？这个事例说明：我们跟着正确的感觉时，我们可能真的做好一些事情。每个人都追求同一种职业是没有用的。充满了经理和金融专业人才的世界看起来会怎样呢？我们必须充分发挥自己的特长和兴趣。遵循自己的兴趣，你保证会达到人生可能达到的最佳位置。辨别各种人的不同天资或者“智力”，承认天资对个人作用的影响，这一点现在已经很普遍。人们拥有不同的性格类型，和这些不同性格类型相关联的是不同的学习风格。中学和大学往往服务于精神素质和智力类型最棒的人。通过尝试、实验，和亲身体验找到方法而学习的人，常常发现学校生活不适合他们的学习风格。这些性格特征以特有的方式融合在每个人的身上，形成不同的性格类型。各种不同的性格类型是由不同的内心变化和外部各种方式作用的结果。重要的是承认各种个性类型价值是平等的。没有哪一种性格的“生存方式”比另一种好。一种性格提供了促使其它性格完善的天然礼物和变化过程，同时产生了一系列重要的感受，思维方式和性格正常发展的方式，产生了决定群体良好发展的自然感受，无论这一群体是一支团队，一个班级或者整个社会。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

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