【2019上海高考英语】2019届高考英语非谓语复习教案

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非谓语的定义
位置   执行者及与其关系  结合位置讨论动作的时间性      
1. 主语
1) doing      learning english is important.
             your learning english is important.
             for them to have been invited to the party is nice.
            
  to do       to learn english is important.
             for a chinese to english is important.
   note:  a)   it is       it is no use/good   not any good/use
b) to play basketball this afternoon
playing basketball              is fun.
惯用语
there is no doing
there is no playing football during the breaks in the school.
there/it’s no use/good   not any use/good    useless doing
have difficulty trouble a hard time  fun  in doing
come near to doing 
he came near to being knocked down.

2. 表语
          my job is teaching foreigners chinese./
the mission is to teach foreigners chinese.

what i want to do is (to) help you.

he is surprised. the story is interesting.
                                         
3. 宾语
宾语
短语的宾语
object to , devoted to, look forward to, be sentenced to, be used to, lead to, stick to, prefer…to, refer to, fall to, take to, give…to…, see to, be opposed to, be reduced to, contribute to（促使）, owing to, due to, next to, as to, get down to（开始认真对待）, get around to（找到时间去。。。）
dedicate to  give way to  be familiar to  apply oneself to   come to  add to   in addition to  keep to    look up to（尊敬）  stand up to  （勇敢面对）
cf,  agree to do   agree to doing
be accustomed to do   be accustomed to doing

名词 + to 后跟动名词
key to, memorial to, monument to, damage to, dedication to, devotion to, solution to, way to, service to, visit to, addition to, entrance to, answer to, clue to, cue to, pay attention to1234

动名词动词后作宾语
admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, resist, risk, suggest, permit, prevent, fancy, understand

burst out, feel like, give up, can’t help, leave off (戒除) put off

不定式动词后作宾语
afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, care (would you care to see me?) choose, dare, decide, expect, fail, happen, help, hesitate, hope, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, /stand， wish, claim, bother, prove, determine, learn, long, plan, tend, volunteer,

不定式/动名词都可做宾语无区别
begin, start, continue, neglect, be accustomed, can’t bear intend

不定式/动名词都可做宾语有区别
propose doing   提议   propose to do  打算
remember forget
he forgot _______(lock) the door that morning. he returned home only to find that he had remembered _______(lock) the door.
go on
regret 
stop
try

mean
like love hate
need, want require deserve

can’t help

动名词的完成式用于作宾语时，-ing 和having done  一般没有区别，除了：
i am sure  of  his pa ssing the exam. / his having passed the exam.

4. 定语
doing  与所修饰的名词没有逻辑关系， 表示用途
reading room     dining hall   chewing gum   painting brush  sewing machine

dancing girl     the girl dancing
surprised  surprising 

单个作前置
here is a book  to be written next year.            the man dancing there is my classmates.
              being written now.                to dance at the evening is my classmates
              written last year.                  the first/best/last person to come
              to write
next， second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
               
1) this is the best place to learn english.   (time, chance, moment, way)\\
2) i don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.
不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：1234
ability能力，本领 drive赶，驾驶 movement运动，活动
ambition抱负，野心 effort努力，尝试 need需要，需求
campaign战役，运动 failure失败，不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力，压力，要点 promise许诺，希望
courage勇气 intention意向，意图 reason理由，原因
decision决定 method方法，方式 light光，光线，亮光
determination决心，决定 motive动机，目的 struggle奋斗，努力，
tendency倾向，趋势 wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5. 状语
   1．位置
定语              状语       表语        宾语补足语
   所修饰的词        主语       主语        宾语
seeing the police, the thief ran away.
having had the meal, he went to the study.
seen by the police, the thief ran away.
having been operated on, the patient was sent to the ward.

he works hard just to support the whole family.
he went there only to find there was no one left.
football is played in most european countries, thus making it most popular.

状语  结果状语        so as to do    so…..as to       too…..to    enough…to
                  thus doing   
目的状语    to do   in order to do   so as to do
having done    done         being done    done 
when, as if, while, if, even if, although, once, unless, until 引导分词

if _____(arrive) early tomorrow, we can go swimming.
the emperor walked in the street, _____.
a. with nothing on    b. not wearing anything   c. having nothing on  d. without anything worn
time permitting, i will drop in at my teacher’s.
the teacher being ill, the class was dismissed.

with  +  n.   n. / adj./ adv./ p.p/ ing/ to do/ done
with no one his friend, he felt quite lonely.

宾语补足语
分词作宾语补足语
see, hear, watch, find, feel, catch,
get, keep, have, make, set,
不定式作宾语补足语
1．v + o + to do
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, compel（强迫），encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, instruct, intend, invite, like, love, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, want, warn, wish, prepare1234
2．assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, think sb. to be. /have been/ be doing
3. 没to   see, hear, watch, find, feel  notice, observe, listen to, look at, 
have, let,  make     get , l keep, set
have sb. do/ doing/ done
have food to eat
have food eaten.

like need order want wish sth.( to be) done.

省略to 的不定式
feel hear listen to make let have see watch notice observe look at
make let have
would rather do than do      rather than do    had better do
except   besides  but
why not do   why do  
what he does is collect some stamps.
help (to) do   help sb. (to) do

常用不定式进行和完成式的情况
1．appear  happen, seem, prove,  claim, pretend   be said, reported, believed, supposed, known, sure, certain, thought, considered expected  likely
2．形容词后
3．表示过去落空的愿望
would like was, expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish + to have done

垂悬式不定式
to tell the truth,   to be plain with you, to return to the subject, to change the subject, needless to say, to make matters worse/better,  to be brief, to begin with, to be frank,

generally/ broadly/ strictly/ frankly/honestly speaking,   talking of/ speaking of/ considering/ concerning/ regarding/ seeing (既然) provided/ providing supposing  judging from

不用冠词的单数名词情况
1. go to school
2. father and son
3. teacher as he is
4. kind/sort/type /variety of book
5. john, head of the department,
6. turn teacher
7. gun in hand

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