2019届高考英语考纲词汇|2019届高考英语Unit3Underthesea精讲精练复习

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XX届高考英语unit 3 under the sea精讲精练复习
ⅰ.重要单词聚焦
1．    adj.　　　每年的；按年度计算的
   n.  年刊；年鉴
2．  vt.  当场见到；目击
   n.  目击者；证人；证据
3．    n.  住所；住宿
4．  n.  岸；海滨
5．  vi.& vt.  逃避；逃跑；逃离
6．  vt.  拖；拉；扯
annual
witness
accommodation
shore
flee
drag
7．   adv.  其间；同时
8．  vt.  催促，极力主张
9．  vt.  放弃；遗弃；抛弃
10．   n.  关系；血缘关系；交往
11．   n.  目标，靶，受批评的对象
12．   vi.  映射，反射
vt.& vi.  思考
13．  adj.  纯的；纯洁的
14．  adj.  意识到的；知道的
15．  adj.  生动的，鲜明的
meantime
urge
abandon
relationship
target
reflect
pure
aware
vivid
16．   adj.  狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的
17．  adj.  锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的
18．   vt.& vi.  恐吓；受惊吓
19．   adj.  浅的；肤浅的；浅湿的
20．  n.  养老金；退休金
narrow
sharp
scare
shallow
pension
ⅱ.重点短语扫描
1．in the   在此期间；与此同时
2．be/become    of  对……知道、明白；意识到……
3．(be)    to death  吓死了
4．draw   靠近
5．hold    阻挡
6．help (...)   帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
7．upside   上下翻转
meantime
aware
scared
near
up
out
down
8．sort    整理；分类；收拾
9． at  瞄准
10．be   to do sth.  正要做某事
out
aim
about
ⅲ.课文原句突破
1．the first thing i became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens.
[信息提取]　be/become aware of意识到，明白，知道。
[例句仿写]　大家都知道他们相处不和睦。
________ ________ ________ ________they didn’t get along well.
【答案】　everyone was aware that
2．it was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
[信息提取]　it was a time when...这一段……时期……。
[例句仿写]　这是一段妇女没有选举权的时期。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________women had no right to vote.
【答案】　it was a time when
3．i saw james being firmly held up in the water by old tom.
[信息提取]　hold up举起，抬起，使耽误。
[例句仿写]　我举手表示有问题。
i ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________that i had a question.
【答案】　held up my hand to show1234567
4．without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.
[信息提取]　head vt.& vi.朝……方向移动。
[例句仿写]　我们将船驶向岸边。
we________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】　headed the boat for the shore
witness
(1)vt.当场见到；目击
many people were shocked by the violent scenes they had witnessed.很多人被亲眼目睹的暴虐场面吓呆了。
the year XX has witnessed increasing unemployment.
XX年是失业日益加剧的一年。
he witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他证明看到那个人进入房间。
(2)n.目击者，证人，证据
bear/give witness作证；证明
one witness to the accident said that the driver appeared to be drunk.一位事故目击者说，司机好像喝醉了。
his good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
1．many people________the car accident，so it was not difficult to investigate.
a．witnessed　　　　　　　　b．urged
c．swallowed        d．drugged
【解析】　句意为“许多人看到了那起车祸，所以不难调查”。在这个句子中，witness意为“目睹”。urge催促；swallow淹没，吞下；drug使服毒品，此三个词不符合句子的意思 。
【答案】　a
flee (fled；fled) vi.& vt.
(1)逃走，逃避

the family fled from the buring house.
那家人从燃烧的房子里逃出了。
he fled his hometown during the war.
战争期间他逃离了家乡。
why does he always flee any kind of responsibility?
他为什么总是逃避任何责任？
(2)消失，消散
his hopes fled when he lost the election.
当他落选时，他的希望就破灭了。
2．the thieves have already________the city，so it is difficult for the police to arrest them.
a．fled      b．ran away
c．escaped     d．got rid of
【解析】　表示“逃离某地”时，ran away和escaped后需加from，got rid of则不合句意。
【答案】　a
abandon vt.
(1)(不顾责任，义务等)离弃；遗弃；抛弃

①we can’t abandon our hope.everything will go well.
我们不能放弃希望，一切会好的。
②the child was abandoned/deserted by his parents.
这孩子被父母遗弃了。
③hong zhanhui brought up a girl abandoned by her parents.
洪战辉抚养了一个被父母遗弃的女孩。
④the match was abandoned because of bad weather.
比赛因为天气恶劣而取消了。
(2)陷入；沉湎于(某种感情)
abandon oneself to sth.陷入；沉湎于某种感情
⑤the young man abandoned himself to despair.
这个年轻人陷入绝望。
3．a good mother would not________her baby.
a．abandon     b．leave
c．adapt     d．quit
【解析】　句意为：一个好母亲是不会丢弃自己的孩子的。
【答案】　a
reflect
(1)vt.反射，映射

sean’s strong love for his country is reflected in his recently published poems.1234567
肖恩对祖国的强烈热爱之情在他最近出版的诗歌中反映出来。
his face was reflected in the mirror.他的脸映照在镜子里。
does this letter reflect how you really think?
这封信是否反映你真实的想法？
(2)vi.& vt.思考
reflect on/upon sth.思考某事
she sat reflecting on how much had changed since she had bought the farm.
她坐着，在思考自从她买下这个农场以来发生了多少变化。
i’m reflecting on what to do next.
我正在考虑下一步做什么。
reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像
be lost in reflection陷入沉思中
after long reflection we decided to buy that house.
经过长时间的慎重考虑，我们决定买下那所房子。
the moon looks bright because of the reflection of light.
月亮由于光的反射看上去很亮。

4．the likely reactions of the market need to be________before we acted.
a．considered on    b．based on
c．relied on     d．reflected on
【解析】　句意为：在我们采取行动前要仔细考虑市场上可能出现的反应。reflect on/upon意为“考虑，沉思”，符合句意。若选a项，则应去掉on。
【答案】　d
help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境
can you help me out with the maths problem?
你能帮我解出这道数学题吗？
he helped the old man out of the car.
他帮助那位老人从汽车里出来。
(1)can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮着干某事(不定式为目的状语)
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事
(2)help oneself (to sth.)自用，自取所需(食物等)
help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
i can’t help wondering what happened to that little girl.
我忍不住想知道那个小女孩出了什么事。
5．the passengers had a chat with the college students______as conductors during the summer vacation.
a．help out    b．helped out
c．to help out    d．helping out
【解析】　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作后置定语表示一个将要发生的动作，过去分词表示一个已经发生了的被动的动作，故b、c两项均不符合题意。句意为：旅客们同那几个在暑假临时帮忙充当列车员的大学生聊天。
【答案】　d
be/become aware of对……知道，明白；意识到……
most people are aware of the dangers of driving after drinking.
大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。
i don’t think you’re aware of how important this means to me.
我想你还不知道这对我有多重要。
be aware that­clause知道，体会到……
make sb.aware that...提醒某人注意……
make sb.aware of...使某人注意到……
as far as i’m aware据我所知
she became aware that something had been stolen.
她发觉东西被偷了。
6．most parents are not________the danger of their babies’  eating jelly，which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.
a．well aware to    b．very aware of
c．aware that     d．well aware of1234567
【解析】　考查形容词用法。空白处后面不是句子，故排除c项；aware后面接of，故排除a项；另外表示“清醒地，充分地认识到”时，表语形容词aware的修饰语应使用well，不用very。
【答案】　d
ahead of
(1)(时间、空间)在……前面
i finished the work several days ahead of the deadline.
我在最后期限的前几天完成了工作。
(2)领先
she’s always been ahead of the other students.
她一直领先于其他学生。
as a writer，sterne was ahead of his time.
作为一个作家，斯特恩领先于他所处的时代。
go ahead 干吧，说吧，开始干，进行
—may i use your bike？我可以用用你的自行车吗？
—go ahead！用吧。
even if the weather is bad，the performance will go ahead.
即使天气不好，演出也会照常进行。
7．(XX年全国卷ⅱ)—could i ask you a rather personal question?
—sure，________.
a．pardon me     b．go ahead
c．good idea     d．forget it
【解析】　句意为：——我可以问你一个私人问题吗？——当然可以，说吧。pardon me请再说一遍；go ahead干吧，说吧，用吧；good idea好主意；forget it没关系，不必在意；(表示不想重复说过的话)别提它了；住嘴。
【答案】　b
hold up
(1)举起，抬起
i held up my hand to show that i had a question.
我举手表示有问题。
(2)承受住，支撑
the chair was too weak to hold him up.
椅子支撑不住他的体重。
(3)阻挡，使耽误
we were held up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam.
我们在前往机场的路上因为堵车而延误了。
(4)提出(作为榜样)
the teacher held him up as an example to the class.
老师选他作为全班的榜样。
hold down 压制，抑制，缩减，垂下
hold back 踌躇，阻止，抑制，隐瞒
hold on 继续，不挂断，停止
hold out伸出，提供，维持，阻止，制止
could you hold on？i’ll just see if the manager’s in.
你不要挂断电话好吗？我去看一看经理在不在。
the boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer.
老板再也抑制不住怒火了。
8．(XX年辽宁卷)you have to be a fairly good speaker to________listeners’ interest for over an hour.
a．hold    b．make 
c．improve    d．receive
【解析】　hold one’s interest使某人保持兴趣。b项“制造；做”；c项“改善，提升”；d项“接收”。
【答案】　a
9．(XX年福建卷)________a moment and i will go to your rescue.
a．go on    b．hold on
c．move on    d．carry on
【解析】　go on继续；hold on抓住不放，坚持；move on继续前进；carry on继续进行；根据后句的i will go to your rescue可知，这里应是“坚持住”“别松手”。
【答案】　b
10．what a pity！i missed meeting my boss at the airport because my car was________in the traffic jam.
a．broken up     b．kept back
c．held up     d．kept up
【答案】　c
there were other creatures that i didn’t want to get too close to—an eel with its strong sharp teeth，with only its head showing from a hole，watching for a tasty fish (or my tasty toe！)；and the giant clam half buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips.1234567
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们——一条带有利齿的海鳗，从洞穴里探出头来，望着可供美餐的鱼过来(或者在等着我美味的脚趾伸过去！)；一个巨大的蛤蜊半掩在珊瑚礁中，等待着有什么东西游过来，游到它宽厚的绿嘴唇中去。
“with复合结构”表示动作或伴随情况，在句中一般作定语或状语。它的构成形式为with＋名词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/介词短语。
(1)with＋n.＋介词短语
the teacher entered the classroom with a thick dictionary in his hand/under his arm.老师进了教室，手里拿着一本厚词典/胳膊底下夹着一本厚词典。
(2)with＋n.＋adj.
i like sleeping with all the windows open.
我喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
(3)with＋n.＋to do sth.
with all the clothes to wash，i will be very busy today.
所有的衣服都要洗，今天我将会很忙。
(4)with＋n.＋doing sth.
with the boy leading the way，they had no difficulty in finding the house.有那个男孩领路，他们很容易就找到了那栋房子。
(5)with＋n.＋done
with his homework finished，the boy went out to play.
做完作业后，那男孩出去玩了。
(6)with＋n.＋adv.
with her mother away，the little girl left lonely.
由于妈妈离开了，小女孩感到孤独。
11．(XX年福建卷)you have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
a．for      b．when
c．with     d．while
【解析】　句意为：你根本就无法体会，在脚伤得那么厉害的情况下她是怎样完成接力比赛的。这里是一个with＋n./pron.＋done/adj.的复合结构。要注意her foot wounded so much不是一个完整句子，所以不能用连词when，while，for引导，选b项可以这样改when her foot were wounded so much for。
【答案】　c
12．(XX年安徽卷)john received an invitation to dinner，and with his work________，he gladly accepted it.
a．finished     b．finishing
c．having finished    d．was finished
【解析】　“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾补表示完成用过去分词。
【答案】　a
13．with a lot of difficult problems________，the newly­elected president is having a hard time.
a．settled    b．to settle
c．settling    d．being settled
【解析】　本题考查with复合结构。句意为“新当选的总统有很多问题要去解决，要面临一段困难时期”。根据题意可知问题还未解决，故用不定式来表示，且用主动代被动。
【答案】　b
14．with some books he needed________，he went out of the bookstore quickly.
a．to buy     b．bought
c．buying     d．buy
【答案】　b
15．it was a pity that the great writer died________his works unfinished.
a．for     b．with
c．from    d．of
【解析】　该题要表达这位伟大的作家没有完成他的著作就死去了。with his works unfinished在这里构成复合结构，表示伴随情况。1234567
【答案】　b
ⅰ.单词拼写
1．he________(逃跑) to london after an argument with his family.
【答案】　fled
2．you must be very careful to cut meat with this________(锋利的) knife.
【答案】　sharp
3．the doctor will be here soon.in the________(同时)，try and relax.
【答案】　meantime
4．does this letter________(反映) what you really think of the issue?
【答案】　reflect
5．the witness gave a very________(生动的) description of the accident this morning.
【答案】　vivid
ⅱ.选词填空
help out；be aware of；in the meantime；scare sb....into；ahead of
1．by working hard，mary got____________the rest of the class.
【答案】　ahead of
2．he doesn’t seem to____________________the importance of learning english.
【答案】　be aware of
3．they________the little boy________stealing foods in the supermarket.
【答案】　scared；into
4．supper won’t be ready for an hour._______________，let’s set the table.
【答案】　in the meantime
5．he________me________with the difficult physics problem.
【答案】　helped；out
ⅲ.巧思妙解
1．—which film shall we go and see?
—i’ll________it to you.
a．have    b．leave
c．choose    d．let
【解析】　leave sth.to sb.把某事交由某人处理，把某事托付给某人。
【答案】　b
2．when he came back，he found the bag he had________over the seat was gone.
a．left to hang   b．left hanging
c．left hung    d．to leave hanging
【解析】　bag是先行词，后面是一个定语从句，引导词that/which作leave的宾语是可以省略的。句意为“当他回来时，他发现挂在座位上的包不见了”。
【答案】　b
3．this problem may lead to more serious ones if________unsolved.
a．making    b．remained
c．keeping    d．left
【解析】　由句意可知，“问题”是被遗留，而a、c两项皆为主动形式，b项本身没有被动形式，应排除。完整的句子是if it is left unsolved，故选d项。
【答案】　d
4．i’ve________my umbrella in the office and i’ll have to fetch it.
a．forgot     b．left
c．remained     d．lost
【解析】　leave遗留，忘带。句意为：我把雨伞落在办公室了，我得去取回来。
【答案】　b
ⅳ.语法专练
本单元语法—被动语态
1．when i called mrs smith to ask how things were，she told me that four­fifths of the houses________.
a．have been selling out   b．are selling out
c．had been sold out    d．have sold out
【解析】　houses与sell out之间是被动关系，且这个动作发生在主句动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
【答案】　c
2．the book which deals with the cultures and customs of canada________well in china.
a．is sold   b．is selling1234567
c．was sold    d．had sold
【解析】　sell在此表示主语的特性，sell well“畅销”，用主动形式。根据句意：这本书在中国正卖得很好，故用进行时的主动形式。
【答案】　b
3．it’s a custom in china to have some tea or other drinks before the meal________.
a．serves     b．served
c．is served       d．to be served
【解析】　the meal is served中serve意为“端上，开(饭)”。serve dinner端上饭；serve coffee hot趁热端上咖啡；serve sb.heart and soul全心全意为某人服务。
【答案】　c
4．—let’s hurry.the film is beginning.
—oh，i was afraid that the beginning________.
a．is already missed    
b．will be missed
c．has already been missed 
d．had already been missed
【解析】　句意为：——我们快点吧。电影要开演了。——噢，我还担心开头部分我们已经错过了呢。第一个人说电影要开演了，而第二个人站在过去的角度说恐怕错过了电影的开头，说明这与事实不一致，含有与现在事实相反的虚拟意味，电影和错过又为动宾关系，故选d。
【答案】　d
5．—she didn’t speak to me yesterday.she was unhappy.
—well，she seemed to________about it.
a．have been told    b．be told
c．having been told    d．being told
【解析】　句意为：——昨天她没和我讲话。她不高兴了。——似乎有人把那件事告诉她了。根据句意，可把设空部分改为：it seemed that she had been told about that.然后考虑用to have been told形式。
【答案】　a

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