2020年12月远程教育精品推荐_（精品推荐）2020届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题二十阅读表达

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（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题二十 阅读表达
【典例精析】                        (1)
（XX.山东卷） 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
 [1] hello. it’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. that’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another’s worth. how might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? to find out, i spent one month saying hello to every person i met. here’s what i’ve learned.
 [2] it can boost（促进）productivity. in one of the few studies ever done on this subject, allan allday, an assistant professor of special education at oklahoma state university, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. this exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. school went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.
 [3] environments influence friendliness, one study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. and researchers say, pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. my experience was similarly. whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. similarly, people in vacation spots, like the jersey shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown. 
 [4] it’s a form of universal health insurance. it’s impossible to say hello without smiling. and smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。
 [5] so maybe we can make the world a better place by____________. after a month of doing it. i feel lighter and more connected and i have a better sense of well-being. 
76. what does the author say about the adults according to paragraph 1? （within 8 words）
_________________________________________________________________________
77. which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests.
____________________________________________________________________________ 123456789101112
78. fill in the blank in paragraph 5 with proper words. （within 5 words）
79. list three effects of smiling on health according to the text. （within 8 words）
①                          ②                      ③
80. translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 into chinese. 
_______________________________________________________________________________
                               （2）
（XX.天津卷原创解析）第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）
阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.
almost everybody in america will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. they will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. but few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
sylvan n. goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. at that time he was in the supermarket business. every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
one day goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. the wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
on june 4, 1937, goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. he was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. he couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.
but goldman was disappointed. most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
after a while, goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
but goldman wasn’t beaten yet. he knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. to this end, goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
as goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. but not only did more people come—those who came bought more. with larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.123456789101112
today’s shopping carts are five times larger than goldman’s original model. perhaps that’s one reason americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
56. the underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in paragraph 1 refer to ______________________________________________________________________________.
（no more than 3 words）
57. what was the purpose of goldman’s invention? （no more than 10 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
58. why was goldman disappointed at first? （no more than 10 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
59. why did goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （no more than 10 words）
60. what do you think of goldman? please give your reasons. （no more than 20 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
（1）
76.【解析】adults are not willing to say hello.
由hello. it’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults.可知。
77.【解析】 school went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.由所给句子关键词friendlier, scored higher可知第二段的最后一句合适。
78.【解析】saying hello to each other/ greeting each other/ saying hello
由整体文意和五段上下文可知。
79.【解析】①lowering blood pressure     ②relieving stress      ③boosting happiness从文中2、3、4可知。
80.【解析】不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多。
（2）
56.【解析】 shopping carts；词义猜测题。由上句----a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。
57.【解析】it was to make shopping easier and attract more business；细节理解表达。由二段的every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。
58.【解析】because few customers used his carts；细节理解表达。由第五段可知。
59.【解析】because he wanted to promote his shopping carts；细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词---persuade people to give them a try.可知。
60.【解析】he was a smart businessman. he invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers.
or: he was smart but he shouldn’t have used tricks to attract customers.
主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍goldman和他的购物手推车。
【专题突破】阅读表达题是自XX年开始山东省高考试题中增加的一种新的测试题型，要求考生在阅读所给短文，然后按照题目要求回答文后的五个问题，每个问题3分，总分15分。该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的综合语言运用能力的考查。考生在做阅读表达题时，注意如下解题方法与技巧： 123456789101112
1、主旨概括：主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的main idea。
2、同义句替换：只有准确理解所给句子的意义，才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。
3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等；然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。
4、翻译句子：在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。
5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的wh-questions。
6、开放性问题：开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。
7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。比如设计图表题，推理判断题等。
（1）
our little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was fixing supper，and handed her a piece of paper that he had been writing on. after his mom dried her hands on an apron，she read it，and this is what it said：
for cutting the grass $5.00  
for cleaning up my room this week $1. 00
for going to the store for you $0. 50
baby－sitting my kid brother while you went shopping $0. 25
taking out the garbage $1. 00
for getting a good report card $5. 00
for cleaning up and raking the yard $2. 00
total owed： $14.75
well，i’ll tell you，his mother looked at him standing there expectantly，and boy，could i see the memories flashing through her mind. so she picked up the pen，turned over the paper he’d written on，and this is what she wrote：
for the nine months i carried you while you were growing inside me，no charge.
for all the nights that i’ve sat up with you，doctored and prayed for you，no charge.
for all the trying times，and all the tears that you’ve caused through the years，there’s no charge.
for all the nights that were filled with dread，and for the worries i knew were ahead，no charge
for the toys，food，clothes，and even wiping your nose，there’s no charge，son.123456789101112
when you___________________，the cost of my love is no charge.
well，friends，when our son finished reading what his mother had written，there were great big old tears in his eyes，and he looked straight up at his mother and said：“mom，i sure do love you. ”and then he took the pen and in great big letters he wrote：“paid in full”.
1.what’s the best title of the passage?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
although you have broght me hard thimes andmany tears in these years , you needn’t pay for them.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words)
___________________________________________________________________________
4.what do you learn after reading the passage?(within 30 words)
___________________________________________________________________________   
5.translate the underlined sentence into chinese.
____________________________________________________________________________                                                                                 
                                 （2）
 an american friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. if any information he was sent was vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasn’t important enough to have his private number, the communication couldn’t be that important, my friend is now even more senior in the same company so the strategy must work.
almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. if this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. 123456789101112
_________. firstly, you junk nothing with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or from any address you don’t recognize or feel confident about.
secondly, e-mails don’t all have to be answered. because e-mailing is so easy, there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.
thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original. we all have e-mail pals who send long,　chatty e-mail, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. the charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post. you are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a better reply.
1．which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
the possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails
_______________________________________________________________________________
2．fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words )
_______________________________________________________________________________
3．what advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4．for what purpose does the author mention his american friend in paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5．translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:(1)
1.no charge
2.for all the trying times ,and all the tears that you’ve caused through the years , there’s no charge.   
3.add it all up
4.love of our mothers is great and we should appreciate it from the bottom of our hearts.
5.然后，他拿起笔写了几个大字：“全部偿付”
(2)
1.【解析】if this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.该题为同意句替换题，细读所给句子，不难得出其意义“这些令人恼火的情况之所以存在，是因为我们没有对电子邮件进行分类的能力”。然后对照原文，就很容易找到其同意句了。
2.【解析】e-mail(s) can be handled in the following ways. / here are the ways to deal with e-mail(s). / handling e-mail(s) is an art. 该题为填空题。做该类题目首先要根据上下文搞清楚所填内容是句子还是短语或单词。从该题要求来看我们可以知道此处要填入合适的句子。联系上下文可知，下文所列三条都是处理电子邮件的方法，那就不难知道，此处所填句子内容应该是一个概括性较强的topic sentence，这样我们就不难知道该填什么内容了。123456789101112
3.【解析】you may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ you don’t have to write a long reply e-mail.该题为封闭性问题，要求答出最后一段所给的建议。做这种类型的题目时，首先要读懂该段要告诉读者的是什么信息，然后根据要求进行总结，因为有字数限制，所以答题时要特别注意如何用词和如何组织语言。从最后一段的第一句我们就可以知道这条建议是告诉读者“在回复e-mail时，不必和对方来信的长度一样”。其实这句话就是该问题的答案，但是由于有字数限定，我们就必须改变一下说法，使答案的字数控制在10个单词以内，这样就可以避免学生照抄原文，从而达到考察学生灵活运用语言能力的目的。
4.【解析】to show a way of handling e-mail(s) with an example. / to introduce the topic of the text. 该题属于其他类型的题目，要求考生写出作者在第一段中提到他美国朋友的写作意图。纵观全文不难知道，该短文的主旨是向读者介绍处理电子邮件的方法。而作者在第一段引用他美国朋友处理邮件的方法做为例子，目的正是为了揭示文章主题。
5.【解析】用简短的话回复冗长的邮件完全不失礼节。/ 用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。该题为句子翻译题。做该题时应先分析句子成分，搞清每个意群的含义，然后结合上下文以及文章的中心思想，调整成符合汉语表达习惯的通顺的汉语句子。翻译该句，关键是搞清处两个短语的含义，一个是within the bound of (在…范围内), 另一个是in responding to (作答，回复)。
【学法导航】考生在做阅读表达题时要注意如下几个方面的问题：1.阅读时理清文章的脉络、掌握文章的主旨大意，并能运用简洁的语言表达。同时对文章分层次理解，先把握结构、框架性的东西，然后理解细节。综合全篇推断作者的观点、态度、意图等。因为叙述性试题有字数的限制，因此要言简意赅，回答要符合试题要求；2.回答要有针对性观点要明确。不可以即觉得一种观点合理，又觉得另一种观点也可以；在提出对建议的看法时，要明确表达某种观点是好的，然后陈述这种观点的优势，切记在支持了某种观点后再叙述其他建议的长处；3.不要摘抄文章原句。具体说考生在复习备考训练该题型时要依据题型特点，正确处理各种类型的题目，要做到如下几点：
1、文章标题、主旨概括类型
这类问题要求考生在理解全文后归纳文章的要点，概括中心思想。考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，捕捉与题目有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。尤其要注意文章的首位段的首末句，这里往往是文章的主旨所在。主旨概括要有高度的针对性，要新颖, 语言要简练，格式要正确。
(1)必须具有高度的概括性和针对性。要抓住文章的中心要点，并结合文章讲述的范围，对文章的标题或主旨进行高度的概括。要分清文章的主旨和细节，决不能以偏概全或是毫无目的，离题千里。
(2)标题要简洁、必须新颖。作为文章的标题必须在概括全文的基础上，尽量给人以新颖、全新的感觉。
(3) 注意书写格式正确。文章标题一般不要使用标点符号，可以是完整的句子，可以是简短的短语，也可以是问题的形式，同时要注意字数的要求（标题要求一般不超过10个词）。 标题一般要求实词第一个字母大写，虚词不大写，如果虚词位于开头也大写；也可以只大写开头第一个字母；也有的所有的字母都大写。所以为了保证不出现这方面的错误，最好只把第一个单词的首字母大写，其它都小写（专有词汇需要大写的除外，如china等）。 123456789101112
2、同义句替换
此题型相对于其他题型较容易。对于这种类型的问题，应注意英语语言的转换理解，要对句子的意义进行正确的理解，弄透所给句子的意思，然后根据语句中的关键词，迅速找出文中意义相同的句子，然后规范的抄在指定的地方。具体步骤如下：
(1)注意语句中的关键词，迅速找到相关语句。关键词往往为表示时间、地点等的状语，然后与题目值得语句进行比对，确定其相似性。
(2)抄写规范、清晰。书写时要工整，避免抄写时粗心大意，不能够出现词汇、标点符号等的错误。
3、完成句子
语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系是回答该类问题关键。语句间的逻辑性是我们解决这类问题的着眼点，要找出语句间的一些递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等的关系，在理解全文的基础上把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，要充分考虑整句话的语言环境，特别注意上下，前后句子的弦外之意，确定需要填写的是短语还是完整句子，并注意书写时的问题，如大小写等。该类问题的字数要求会比较少，所以语言一定要简练；答完后要检查一下，看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想、内容或意图。
4、封闭型问题
对于封闭性的问题，首先应认真审题，弄清楚题目的要求，在文章中找到明确的依据，回答应该具有针对性，紧扣题目，语言既要完整又要简洁。回答要具有针对性，要避免答非所问。
5、开放型问题
开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，需要考生在准确把握文章的主旨的前提下，结合个人的观点、经验设计出符合文章相关内容和题目要求的答案。该题的答案是多样性和主观性的，但同时必须符合题目的要求。具体需要注意以下几点：
(1)围绕主旨，理清要点 。在正确把握文章主旨的前提下，如果文中有相应提示，通读全文根据原文找相关答案，理清要点、言简意赅。注意词数要求，打好草稿，写明要点。
结合经验，自由发挥。如果文中没有提示，要求结合个人观点、经验自由发挥，围绕文章的。
(2)中心观点列出要点，再用加法在字数要求范围内扩点成句，润色上档。答案具有多样性，但自由发挥的同时要注意围绕文章的中心观点展开论述，防止不着边际，离题万里。
【专题综合】
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
                                   （1）
so you"re between the ages of 13 and 24. what makes you happy? spending time with family was the top answer to that open-ended question, according to an extensive survey--more than 100 questions asked of 1,280 people aged 13-24 -- conducted by the associated press on the nature of happiness among america"s young people.
next was spending time with friends. and good news for parents: nearly three quarters of young people say their relationship __________ makes them happy.
"they"re my foundation," says kristiana st. john, 17, a high-school student from queens in new york. "my mom tells me that even if i do something stupid, she"s still going to love me no matter what. just knowing that makes me feel very happy and blessed." 123456789101112
other results are more disconcerting. while most young people are happy overall with the way their lives are going, there are racial differences: the poll shows whites to be happier than blacks and hispanics. a lot of young people feel stress, particularly those from the middle class, and females more than males.
you might think money would be clearly tied to a general sense of happiness. but almost no one said "money" when asked what makes them happy, though people with the highest family incomes are generally happier with life. however, having highly educated parents is a stronger predictor of happiness than income.
overwhelmingly, young people think marriage would make them happy and want to be married some day. most also want to have kids.
finally, when asked to name their heroes, nearly half of respondents mentioned one or both of their parents. the winner, by a nose: mom.
1. what is the best title of the passage? (please answer within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
although most youths are generally happy with their present life. there are differences between different races.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (please answer within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. what do you think is the most important factor that makes you happy? why? (please answer within 30 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. translate the underlined sentence into chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________
（2）
    阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
      about 40 percent of the top students in college entrance examinations have chosen overseas universities for their postgraduate studies，according to a survey.
      most of them have stayed overseas after finishing their intended courses，showed a survey that tracked 130 top performers in college entrance exams from 1977 to 1998.
      the survey， released on the china alumni association website， found it worrying that many of the top students would not ________ despite the country"s rapid development in the past few decades. the government should find better ways to hold back talented students，said cai yanhou， a professor with central south university in changsha，capital of hunan province.123456789101112
      unesco figures show chinese students comprise 14 percent of international students，the highest in the world. their favorite destinations for higher studies are the us， britain and japan. some experts said handsome scholarships，better job prospects and more opportunities to pursue further studies are the main attractions of foreign universities.
      but cai，who also led the survey team，said "top in exams" does not necessarily mean "top in career" because the study found none of the top students at college entrance exams had become a top chinese expert or academic. some of them are just more adaptable to exam-oriented education than their peers，experts said.
     the media fill pages and time slots with their "success" stories to gain wider readership and viewership. high schools promote their former students proudly to attract new ones，and universities want to show their superior status by recruiting them，they said.
      wang hoped future reforms would do away with the score-oriented method so that students can be judged from all aspects.
1. what is the best title of the passage？ （please answer within 10 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
2. which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one？
the top students" "success" stories are widely announced by the media to attract the readers" and the viewers" interest.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （please answer within 10 words）
______________________________________________________________________________.
4. if you are one of the top students in college entrance examinations，will you choose to study abroad？why or why not？  （please answer within 30 words）
______________________________________________________________________________.
5. translate the underlined sentence into chinese
______________________________________________________________________________.
（3）
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
  orphans(孤儿)whose parents died of aids in henan province have been given new hope．last week the provincial government answered the children’s cries by promising 60 million yuan to improve schools，orphanages(孤儿院)and living conditions．but without the efforts of dr gao yaojie, these cries may never have been heard．123456789101112
 “i’m a doctor and it’s my duty to cure diseases and save lives,” said the 77-year-old grandmother．gao was named one of the XX people of year on february 20 by cctv after millions of people took part in an online poll．but in 1996，when she stared to promote aids awareness，using money from her own pocket，her actions were widely misunderstood．
  “although some of the children were born with hiv，90 percent of them were not infected，”gao said.” but people still reject them．many orphans change their names after finding a foster family(领养家庭).”
    the horror of henan’s aids problem became known in 1996．frequent and unsafe blood-selling by poor farmers in the late 1980s and early 1990s had caused hiv to spread through dirty needles and infected blood use．as a doctor，gao believed she should help：over the last eight years she has visited over l,000 aids and hiv patients and published thousands of pamphlets on aids awareness．with her help，hundreds of orphans have returned to school or found foster families．
    “it’s a disaster for the whole nation，not only for those innocent patients and their families，”she explained，gao is delighted that so many childless families offer to foster orphans．but there is still much that can be done to support these children．”i hope that warm-hearted high school students will also reach out and offer a helping hand，”she said．
1．why was gao yaojie named one of the XX people of year ?
                                                                                          
2．what is the best title of this passage ?
                                                                                            123456789101112
3．translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph．
                                                                                            
4．what did the government promise to do for children ?
                                                                                            
5．how did the hiv spread so fast in the 1980s and early 1990s ?
                                                                            
参考答案：（1）
1. family is the top answer to youth happiness.
2. while most young people are happy overall with the way their lives are going, there are racial differences.
3. with their parents
4. 略。
5. 然而，和高收入相比较，拥有受到过高等教育的父母是一种更有力的幸福的预兆
（2）
1. 40% top chinese students choose to study abroad.
2. the media fill pages and time slots with their "success" stories to gain wider  readership and viewership.
3. stay in china for higher studies
4  略
5.王希望未来的改革将会摈除以分取人的方式从而使学生得到全方位的评价。
（3）
1.because the government would not answer the children’s cry without her.
2.giving life and hope
3.“我是一名医生，我的职责是救死扶伤。”这位77岁的老太太说。
4.to supply 60 million yuan for children whose parents died of aids.
5. it spread through dirty needles and infected blood use

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