ahealthylifeppt_AhealthylifePeriod5　ReadingandWriting

【jiaoan.jxxyjl.com--高二英语教案】

a healthy life period 5　reading and writing
整体设计
教学内容分析　　　
the teaching materials of this period contain two parts.the first part is the reading passage on page 22 titled hiv/aids：are you at risk? which is about what is hiv/aids，how it is contacted and how to protect oneself from getting the disease.the second part is the writing task on page 24，which asks the students to write a letter to li xiaolei to give her some advice on her problems.
三维目标设计　　　
knowledge and skills
1．to enable the students to know something about what is hiv/aids，how it is contacted and how to protect oneself from getting the disease.
2．to get the students to learn the following useful new words and structures：judgment(看法；判决；判断)，awkward(局促不安的；笨拙的)，it is/was...that/who...，be likely to.
3．to help the students learn how to write a letter giving advice.
4．to foster the students" ability in skimming and looking up information in reference books and improve the students" reading ability.
process and methods
reading for specific information，summarizing，discussing and practicing.
emotion，attitude and value
1．to arouse students" awareness of the harm caused by hiv/aids.
2．to help students not to put themselves at risk out of ignorance and take a sympathetic attitude towards those who already suffer from the disease instead of looking down upon them.
教学重、难点　　　
1．the understanding of the reading passage.
2．the following key sentences：
(1)for a person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus，has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.
(2)here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.
(3)it is only when the disease has progressed to aids that a person begins to look sick.
(4)women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.
3．teaching the students how to write a letter giving advice.
教学过程
step 1　revision
check the answers to the grammar exercises on page 21 and explain the difficult ones.
step 2　lead－in by reading the following sentences
by the end of XX，an estimated 42 million around the world were living with hiv/aids.
during the year,5 million people became infected and an estimated 3 million people died.
about one－third of people living with hiv/aids are 15－24 years of age.more than 7 million people in asia and the pacific are living with hiv/aids.
step 3　pre－reading
it is likely that many students have incorrect information about the disease，so teachers should first get students to talk about something about hiv/aids by asking the following questions：can ordinary people be at the risk of contracting hiv？in what way can people get infected？what measures can people take to protect themselves？will people die if they have hiv?123456
step 4　fast reading
this passage can be divided into three sections.scan the text and find out what"s the main idea of each section.
section 1：_____________________________________________________________
section 2：________________________________________________________________
section 3：_______________________________________________________________
suggested answers：
section 1：background information about what the disease is.
section 2：ways to protect yourself.
section 3：to make some false beliefs disappear.
step 5　detailed reading
1．read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
information about hiv weaken a person"s (1)______．
spread through (2)______ or the fluid made during sex.
ways to protect yourself don"t share your (3)______ with anyone else.
use a condom if you have sex with a male or a female.
some wrong statements you can tell by (4)______ someone whether or not they have hiv.
if you hug，(5)______ someone with aids or visit them in their home you will get hiv/aids.
2.decide whether the following statements are true(t) or false(f)．
(1)you can only get hiv from injecting drugs.
(2)it is very likely that you will die if you get infected with hiv.
(3)if you look healthy，you cannot have hiv.
(4)it could be dangerous to have sex without using a condom.
(5)taking food from the same dishes as someone infected with hiv will give you hiv too.
(6)if you have hiv，you will always get aids eventually.
suggested answers：
1．(1)immune system　(2)blood　(3)needle　(4)looking at　(5)touch or kiss
2．ftftft
step 6　discussion
divide the students into groups of six and discuss the following question.
has your attitude towards people with hiv/aids changed after reading the passage？if so，how？if not，why not?
ask one student of each group to report their answer，and the other students can challenge his report.
step 7　language study
show the students the following language points in a slide show.
1．judgement(p23)
【原句再现】
before you read this text，what judgements did you make about people with hiv/aids?
在阅读这篇课文之前，你对感染艾滋病病毒的人有什么看法？
【观察探究】
(1)he passed judgement on the guilty man.
他对那个罪犯作出了裁决。
(2)her decision seems to show a lack of political judgement.
她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。
(3)in my judgement，we should accept their apology.
依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。
【归纳总结】
judgement n．看法；判断；判决；in one"s judgement 在某人看来　pass judgement on作出裁决
【词汇辨析】
judgement，discrimination和sense
这些名词均含“识别力、判断”之意。123456
judgement指经过训练或磨炼或凭经历而得到辨别或判断事物的能力或品质。
discrimination指辨别精微事物的能力，甚至平时观察不到的也可识别出来。
sense指不带幻想、感情或偏见地观察事物，并能作出明智、公平的选择与决定。
2．awkward(p24)
【原句再现】
then she offered me a cigarette and i felt so embarrassed and awkward.
然后她递给我一支烟，我感到非常尴尬与不安。
【观察探究】
(1)the heavy ax was awkward to use.
这把重斧头不好用。
(2)your refusal puts me in an awkward position.
你的拒绝让我感到十分为难。
(3)at the formal party，i felt very awkward and out of place.
在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。
【归纳总结】
awkward adj. 局促不安的，笨拙的
3．for a person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus，has to get inside the body through broken skin，or injection.(p22)
携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。
句中有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰blood or sexual fluid；to become infected是不定式短语作person的后置定语。
4．here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.(p22)
你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。
things后跟了一个定语从句you can do；动词不定式短语to make sure you stay safe表示目的，make sure后接宾语从句you stay safe，省略了连接词that，stay 在此处是一个系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词。例如：
they are going to stay awake to see the lunar eclipse.
他们打算不睡觉等着看月食。
5．it is only when the disease has progressed to aids that a person begins to look sick.(p22)
只有当这种病发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
it is/was...that/who...是强调结构，它可以用来强调句中的某些成分，如主语、宾语、状语等，但不能用来强调谓语和表语。原句是： a person begins to look sick when the disease has progressed to aids.
6．women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.(p22)
女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。
be likely 后接不定式或从句，表示“可能会……”。如：
he"s likely to arrive late this afternoon.
他今天下午可能会迟到一会儿。
it"s likely that they will camp out tonight.
他们今天晚上可能要在外面露营了。
step 8　writing
1．read this letter and imagine you are wang ping，the adviser who deals with students" problems.write a letter to give li hua some helpful advice.
dear wang ping，
can you help me，please？i have tried to stop smoking several times.i am ok for two days and then i feel really sick and irritable and i have to start smoking again.i know smoking is a bad habit，but i just can"t seem to give it up.do you have any useful tips?
yours sincerely，
li hua

2．before the students write the passage，guide them to do the following things.123456
(1)help students decide the tense of the letter.
(2)ask them to note down 3－5 tips they would like to include in their letter.
(3)let them discuss with each other how they will organize their letter.
one possible version：
dear li hua，
i am sorry you have had so much trouble to stop smoking，but i am glad you are still trying.i hope the tips below will help you.
first of all，don"t give up.the more often you try，the more likely you are to eventually succeed.when you feel irritable，don"t automatically reach for a cigarette to make you feel better.take a few moments to relax.start by breathing deeply and lifting your arms out to the side and over your head.
it is a good idea to drink lots of water and eat lots of fruit when you are quitting smoking.this will help to remove the nicotine from your body faster and you won"t feel so sick.it is normal to feel a little stressed when you first give up smoking，but try to remember that it will only last a few days and then you will begin to feel much better.
keep up the good work，li hua，and remind yourself how much healthier you will be when you finally quit.
good luck and best wishes!
yours sincerely，
wang ping
step 9　homework
1．master the language points in the text.
2．阅读下面这封摘自 21st century的一名中学生的来信，并据此写一封回信(信的开头已为你写好。词数120左右)。回信应包括如下要点：
(1)鼓励amy坚定求学信心，志存高远。
(2)就amy的目前状况，提两到三个建议。
dear editor，
i am a new student at no.1 middle school of chongqing.my home is far from chongqing，so i must live at school.this is the first time for me to get away from my parents.i feel very sad.when i left home，i could hardly tear myself away from them.i do not want to be alone at school，and i am a shy girl.i have been crying in bed at night these days.i want to stay at home forever.i miss my parents very much.could you tell me what to do?
your early reply is expected.                                            regards，
amy
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________123456
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
one possible version：
dear amy，
thank you for your letter.i am so glad to have a talk about your present situation with you.
people often miss their parents the first time they leave home.most people do have to leave home for higher education or employment.you cannot live with your parents forever.i think you should realize that present separation will help your academic development and your improvement of personal ability.
you need to make friends in your school，sharing ideas with your classmates who are physically closest to you now.maybe you will still miss your parents，but your new friends will bring happiness and joy to your new life.also i suggest you enjoy yourself by taking an active part in different kinds of activities in school.you will get much pleasure from it.
wish you happy every day.
faithfully yours，
editor

step 10　reflection after teaching
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教学参考
what we still don"t know about aids？(艾滋病还有哪些未解之谜？)
in the 20 years since the first cases of aids were detected，scientists say they have learned more about this viral disease than any other.
yet peter piot，who directs the united nations aids program，and stefano vella of rome，president of the international aids society，and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for aids and other diseases.
among the important broader scientific questions that remain：
1．why does aids predispose infected persons to certain types of cancer and infections?
a long－standing belief is that cancer cells constantly develop and are held in check by a healthy immune system.but aids has challenged that belief.people with aids are much more prone to certain cancers like non－hodgkins lymphomas and kaposi"s sarcoma，but not to breast，colon and lung，the most common cancers in the united states.this pattern suggests that an impaired immune system，at least the type that occurs in aids，does not allow common cancers to develop.123456
2．what route does hiv take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system?
when hiv is transmitted sexually，the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body.how that happens is still unclear.the virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells.
3．how does hiv subvert the immune system?
although hiv kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus，there is widespread variation in the rate at which hiv infected people become ill with aids.so scientists ask：can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified？if so，can they be used to stop progression to aids in infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place?
4．what is the most effective anti－hiv therapy?
in theory，early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function.but the new drugs do not completely eliminate hiv from the body so the medicines，which can have dangerous side effects，will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance.the new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred until there are signs the immune system is weakening.
5．is a vaccine possible?
there is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the epidemic.yet only one has reached the stage of full testing，and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide.hiv strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically.it is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of hiv will confer protection against other types.
6．in the absence of a vaccine，how can hiv be stopped?
without more incisive，focused behavioral research，prevention messages alone will not stop the global epidemic.

本文来源：https://jiaoan.jxxyjl.com/gaoeryingyujiaoan/20071.html